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NervousSystem Review
Purple Module - Nervous System Review Terms
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Epilepsy | A disorder characterized by seizures |
Coma | Abnormal, deep unconsciousness |
Microcephaly | Abnormally small head |
Anorexia Nervosa | All-consuming desire to remain thin |
Bulimia Nervosa | Binging and purging |
Concussion | Brain injury causing transient loss of conciousness |
Ventricle | Cavity of an organ |
Trephination | Circular opening made in the skull to relieve ICP |
Somatic Nervous System (SNS) | Coveys impulses for voluntary functions. |
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) | Conveys impulses to glands, smooth muscles and cardiac muscles |
Hypnotic | Depresses CNS functions to induce sleep |
Multiple Sclerosis | Disease of the myelin sheath |
Myelopathy | Disease of the spinal cord |
Cerebrum | Functions include sensory perception and interpretation, muscular movement and emotional aspects of behavior and memory. |
Agnosia | Inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spatial, olfactory, and other sensations |
Catatonic | Inability to move or talk |
Aphasia | Inability to speak |
Cranitomy | Incision into the skull |
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | Includes all nervous tissue of the body found outside the CNS |
Encephalitis | Inflammation of the brain |
Pia Mater | Innermost membrane of the brain and spinal cord |
Tremor | Involuntary tremble or shake |
Tic | Involuntary, spasmodic muscular contractions |
Ataxia | Lack of muscle coordination |
Lethargy | Lack of response; sluggishness |
Psychosis | Major emotional disorder |
Nerve Conduction Velocity | Measures the speed impulses travel through a nerve |
Arachnoid Membrane | Middle layer covering the brain and spinal cord |
Efferent | Travelling away from a central structure |
Afferent | Travelling toward a central structure. |
Lumbar Puncture | Needle puncture of the lower spinal cavity. |
Central Nervous System | Network of nervous tissue found in the brain and spinal cord. |
Neurosis | Nonpsychotic mental illness |
Idiopathic | Occurring without a known cause |
Dura Mater | Outermost layer covering the brain and spinal cord |
Myelalgia | Pain in the spinal cord |
Herpes Zoster | Painful, acute infectious disease; aka shingles |
Dystrophy | Poor development |
Aura | Premonitory awareness of an approaching physical or mental disorder |
Anaesthetics | Produce a loss of sensation |
Anxiety | Psychological "worry" disorder |
Electroencephalogram | Records electrical activity of brain patterns |
Cerebellum | Refines muscular movement; aids in equilibrium |
Analgesics | Relieve pain |
Convulsion | Sudden and violent contraction of the muscles |
Neuron | The functional cell of the nervous system |
Meninges | Three membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. |
Neurotransmitters | Transmit impulses across synapses |
Myelin | White fat-like sheath |
Asthenia | Weakness or debility |
The three major structures of neurons | 1. Cell Body 2. Dendrites 3. Axon |
The section of the cerebrum that can only be seen on dissection | The Insula |
The four major structures of the brain | 1.Cerebrum 2.Cerebellum 3.Diencephalon 4.Brainstem |
The four major types of neuroglia | 1.Astrocytes 2.Oligodendrocytes 3.Microglia 4.Ependyma |
The function of the hypothalamus | Regulates activities of the ANS, such as heart rate, body temperature, and fluid balance. |
The two types of nerve cells found in the nervous system | 1.Neurons 2.Neuroglia |
The three types of neurosis | 1.Phobias 2.Hysterias 3.OCD |
The CNS consists of | The brain and the spinal cord |
Alzheimers disease | A progressive neurological disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by memory loss, impaired judgement, and orientation. |
CSF | Cerebrospinal Fluid |
Cerebrospinal Fluid | colourless, shock absorbing liquid, absorbed as rapidly as it is made, maintains constant volume |
Parkinson disease | Progressive neurological disorder affecting the portion of the brain responsible for controlling movement. Caused by lack of dopamine. |
The brainstem is composed of | 1.Midbrain (mesencephalon) 2.Medulla Oblongata 3.Pons |
Pons | The "bridge" from the midbrain to the medulla |
Thalamus | Receives all sensory stimuli except olfactory, transmits them to the cerebral cortex. |
AD | Alzheimer's disease |
ADHD | attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder |
ALS | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
ANS | autonomic nervous system |
ASAP | as soon as possible |
BEAM | brain electrical activity mapping |
C1 | first cranial vertebrae |
CNS | central nervous system |
CP | cerebral palsy |
CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
CTA | computed tomography angiogram |
CVA | cerebrovascular accident |
EEG | electroencephalography |
EMG | electromyography |
ICP | intracranial pressure |
L3 | 3rd lumbar vertebra |
LOC | loss of consciousness |
LP | lumbar puncture |
MEG | magentoencephalogram |
MRA | magnetic resonance angiogram |
MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
MS | multiple sclerosis |
MSI | magnetic source imaging |
NCV | nerve conduction velocity |
OCD | obsessive compulsive disorder |
PET | positron emission tomography |
PNS | parasympathetic nervous system |
SRS | stereotactic radiosurgery |
SNS | somatic nervous system |
STAT | immediately |
T12 | 12th thoracic vertebra |
TIA | transient ischemic attack |
US | ultrasonography |