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sistemul nervos

QuestionAnswer
cine regleaza majoritatea functiilor organismului? sistemul nervos si sistemul endocrin
ce regleaza SN? activitatea musculaturii si a gl. secretorii (endocrine si exocrine)
ce regleaza SE? functiile metabolice
cine regleaza musculatura scheletica? SN somatic
cine regleaza musculatura viscerala si gl. secretorii? SN vegetativ
ce exista intre SN si SE? o stransa interdependenta
pe ce se bazeaza reglarea nervoasa a functiilor corpului? pe activitatea centrilor nervosi
ce fac centrii nervosi? prelucreaza info primite si elaboreaza comenzi ce sunt transmise efectorilor
unde apare functia psihica? la nivelul emisferelor cerebrale
cum rezulta functiile psihice? prin integrarea functiei senzitive si a celei motorii
ce e neuronul unitatea morfo-functionala a sistemului nervos?
cum poate fi clasificat? dupa forma si numarul prelungirilor
dupa forma stelati ( coarnele ant. ale maduvei) sferici/ovalari (in ggl spinali) piramidali(zonele motorii ale scoartei cerebrale) fusiformi ( stratul profund al scoartei cerebrale)
in functie de n prelungirilor unipolari pseudopolari bipolari multipolari
unipolari aspect globulos o singura prelungire cel cu conuri si bastonase din retina
pseudopolari in ggl spinali o prelungire care se divide in T-dendrita se distribuie la periferie si axonul intra in SNC
bipolari forma rotunda, ovala , fusiforma 2 prelungiri care pornesc de la polii opusi ai celulei in ggl spiral Corti, vestibular Scarpa, retina si mucoasa olfactiva
multipolari forma stelata, piramidala, piriforma numeroase prelungiri dendritice un singur axon in scoarta cerebrala, cerebeloasa, coarnele anterioare ale MS
dupa functie neuronii pot fi receptori motori de asociatie/intercalar
receptori prin dendrite receptioneaza stimulii din mediul extern sau intern (somatosenzitivi si viscerosenzitivi)
motori axonii sunt in legatura cu organele efectoare (Somatomotori si visceromotori)
intercalari/de asociatie fac legatura intre cei senzitivi si motori
alcatuirea neuronului corp celular ( pericarion) si prelungiri(dendrite si axon)
corpul neuronului(pericarion) neurilema neuroplasma nucleu
neurilema subtire, delimiteaza neuronul, structura lipoproteica
neuroplasma contine org cel.comune(mitocondrii, ribozomi, reticul endoplasmatic ) fara centrozom incluziuni pigmentare organite specifice ( neurofibrilele, corpii nissl)
corpii nissl in pericarion si la baza dendritelor rol in metabolismul neuronal
neurofibirlele in neuroplasma si prelungiri dar si in butonii terminali rol mecanic, de sustinere si in transmiterea impulsului nervos
nucleul celulele nervoase (neuronii) motorii si senzitive contin un nucleu unic cu 1-2 nucleoli cele vegetative centrale sau periferice prezinta deseori un nucleu dublu sau multiplu excentric ( sunt celule binucleate)
dendrite prelungiri celulipete(receptioneaza impulsul nervos si il conduc spre corpul neuronului) mai groase in port init apoi se subtiaza contin neurofibrile
axon prelungire unica, celulifuga, lunga(<1m), mai groasa format din axoplasma si axolema
axoplasma citoplasma specializata ( se gasesc mitocondrii, vezicule ale reticulului endoplasmatic,neurofibrile)
axolema acopera axoplasma rol in propagarea impulsului nervos de-a lungul traseului sau emite colaterale perpendiculare pe directia sa in portiunea terminala se ramifica , ultimele ramificatii se numesc butoni terminali
butonii terminali contin mici vezicule cu metiatori chimici care au rol in inlesnirea transmiterii impulsului nervos la nivelul sinapselor contine mitocondrii si neurofibrile
tipuri de nevroglii cel. Schwann, oligodenroglia, microglia, astrocitul, cel ependimare, cel satelite
rolul nevrogliilor de suport, de protectie, trofic, fagocitar, in sinteza tecii de mielina si de ARN si a altor subs pe care le cedeaza neuronului
Created by: 1063179990368424
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