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Work book Ch. 8
Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Nervous System is comprised of which two divisions? | central & peripheral |
| The central nervous system is comprised of the_____? | brain & spinal cord |
| What are the three functions of the nervous system? | monitors the internal and external environment, integrates sensory information, coordniates voluntary responses from many organ systems |
| The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system is comprised of which two divisions? | somatic & autonomic |
| _____ impulses carry info from th peripheral nervous system to the centrl nervous system. | afferent |
| What gives the gray color to the cll body areas? | nissl bodies |
| Describe a bipolar neuron. | one dendrite & one axon with a cell body |
| What are the 3 functional groups that neurons are sorted into? | sensory, motor, interneuron |
| Neurons are classified based on their structure as _____. | multipolar, bipolar, unipolar |
| The node of Ranvier are part of which neuroglial cell? | oligodendrocyte |
| What two neuroglial cells are found in the peripheral nervous system? | schwann and satellite |
| A thin, mebanous sheath that increases the speed of action potential down the axon is called the _____. | myelin |
| Name three examples of demyelination disorders. | Guillain-Barre syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and diphtheria |
| If the normal resting membrane potential is -70 mV, what would the membrane potential be if the membrane was hyperpolarized? | -80 mV |
| Opening of the sodium channels in the mebrane of the neuron results in _____. | depolarization |
| Which ion is responsible for causing the neuron to become hyperpolarized? | potassium |
| What neurotoxin can be found in puffer fish? | tetrodotoxin |
| When the action potential of the cell jumps from node to node, it can travel much faster than if traveling through the cell. What is this process called? | saltatory propagation |
| Which ion triggers the release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic membrane? | calcium |
| Organophosphate insecticides like sarin gas have been used in previous terrorist attacks. What is the principle action of organophosphate poisons? | deactivates acetylcholinestrase |
| What drug blocks the effects of the organophosphate? | atropine |
| There are over 50 different known neurotransmitters. What neurotransmitter is inhibitory & causes hyperpolarization of the cell? | dopamine |
| Name the normal order of meningeal layer protection, starting proximal to the brain. | pia, arachnoid, dura |
| Bleeding above the dura from a severe head inj. is called a _____ hematoma. | epidural |
| Name three lobes of the brain. | frontal, temporal, occipital |
| The brain stem consists of the _____. | midbrain, pons, medulla |
| The primary structure that links the nervous system with the endocrine system is the _____. | pituitary gland |
| Name the part of the brain stem that is responsible for regulation of HR, BP, and Resp.. | medulla oblongata |
| The elevated ridges on the outer surface of the brain are called _____. | gyri |
| The postcentral gyrus is located in the _____ lobe. | parietal |
| The speech center of the brain is called the _____. | Broca's area |
| If a PT incurred an inj. to the hippocampus, what action would be impacted te most? | memory |
| Name 3 functions of the limbic system. | establing emotional states, linking the conscious intellectual functions of the cerebral cortex with the unconscious & autonomic functions of the brain stem, long-term memory storage & retrieval |
| Name the disease that is responsible for damaging the hippocampus & interfering with memory storage. | Alzheimer's disease |
| Name the cranial nerve responsible for controlling the amt. of light that enters the eye. | oculomotor |
| Which cranial nerve is called the wandering nerve? | vagus |
| Which craial nerve is responsible for hearing? | vestibulocochlear |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? | 31 |
| A reflex that has a direct connection from the sensory neuron to the motor neuron is referred to as a _____ reflex. | monosynaptic |
| Name the division of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for the "fight or flight" response. | sympathetic |
| Name three sympathetic nervous system receptors. | alpha, beta, dopamine |
| Common anatomical changes that occur to the brain with age | reduction in brain size, reduction in neurons, decrease in blodd flow to the brain |
| What % of strokes is considered ischemic? | 80-85% |
Created by:
Wisniewski
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