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Histology
Stack #205483
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| tissue | a collection of similar cells and noncellular substances (extracellular matrix) secreted by the cells |
| four types of tissue | epithelial, connective, muscle nervous |
| histology | microscopic study of tissues |
| apical surface | free or top surface, surface which is exposed to either the external environment or to some internal body space |
| lateral surface | side-by-side with other cells, having intercellular junctions |
| basal surface | in contact with other cells (often other tissue types), fixed or bottom surface |
| avascular | lacking blood vessels |
| Distinctive feature of epithelial tissue #1 | consists almost entirely of epithelial cells |
| Distinctive feature of epithelial tissue #2 | covers body surfaces and forms glands |
| Distinctive feature of epithelial tissue #3 | has free and basal surface |
| Distinctive feature of epithelial tissue #4 | avascular |
| Distinctive feature of epithelial tissue #5 | undergoes mitosis |
| Single cell layer | simple |
| More than one cell layer | stratified |
| pseudostratified (columnar) | single layer, only some cells reach the apical surface |
| transitional | number of cell layers decreases when stretched |
| squamous | scaly, cells flattened |
| cuboidal | cells cube-shaped |
| columnar | cells are taller than wide, shaped like a column |
| simple squamous function/location | diffusion, lungs (alveoli) |
| simple cuboidal/columnar function/location | absorption/filtration/secretion, small intestine, kidneys |
| all types of stratified function/location | protection against abrasion, invasion, etc., outside of your skin |
| glands | secretory organs made mostly of epithelium (form as invaginations) |
| exocrine gland | have ducts opening to the outer surface lined with epithelium |
| types of exocrine glands | sweat glands, mucus glands |
| endocrine glands | duct-less, secretions (hormones) transported into the blood system |
| types of endocrine glands | pituitary gland, pancreas, thyroid gland |
| Distinctive feature of connective tissue #1 | abundant and diverse |
| Distinctive feature of connective tissue #2 | consists of cells separated by extracellular matrix |
| Distinctive feature of connective tissue #3 | specialized cells produce the extracellular matrix |
| Distinctive feature of connective tissue #4 | performs a variety of important functions |
| -blast | creates the matrix |
| -cyte | fully developed an mature cell |
| -clast | breaks down the matrix for remodeling |
| mesenchyme | basic, fundamental connective tissue from which adult tissue is derived |
| collagen fiber | thickest type of fiber, like a steel cable (strong but resists pull/tension) |
| reticular fiber | thinner fiber, like a steel wire (not as strong as collagen) |
| elastic fiber | thinner, made of elastin, properties allow it to stretch and return to normal |
| Yellow fat | most abundant, storage for lipids, cushions and insulates |
| Brown fat | found only in specific areas of the body, contains lots of mitochondria for metabolism |
| tendons | connect muscles to bones |
| ligaments | connect bones to bones |
| Characteristics of loose connective tissue | cells and fibers widely dispersed, lots of extracellular matrix |
| Characteristics of dense connective tissue | cells and fibers are densely packed |
| Characteristics of blood connective tissue | liquid, extracellular matrix made mostly of water, transport medium |
| Functions of loose connective tissue | loose packing material of most organs and tissues, attaches skin to underlying tissues |
| Origin of yellow fat | derived from mesenchymal cells |
| origin of brown fat | derived from muscle tissue |
| Functions of dense regular connective tissue | resists pulling along its length |
| Functions of dense irregular connective tissue | forms the dermis of the skin, strong in all directions |
| Location of elastic connective tissue | ligaments in vocal cords, in walls of elastic arteries |
| chondrocyte | mature, nondividing cartilage cell |
| hyaline cartilage structure | glassy appearing matrix |
| hyaline cartilage function/location | smooth surfaces for movement of joints, model for bone growth; fetal skeleton, covers end of long bones, larynx, trachea, nose |
| fibrocartilage structure | parallel collagen fibers in matrix |
| fibrocartilage function/location | resists compression, absorbs shock; intervertebral discs |
| elastic cartilage structure | contains abundant elastic fibers that form a weblike mesh around lacunae |
| elastic cartilage function/location | maintains structure and shape while permitting flexibility; external ear |
Created by:
Jean-O
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