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Am Gov 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Limited Government | A principle of American government that says government is restricted in what it does and each individual has rights that the government can't take away |
| Representative government | A government where public policies are made by officials selected by the voters |
| Magna Carta | Great Charter forced upon King John of England, said that the power of the monarchy was not absolute and guaranteed trial by jury and due process |
| Due Process | The government must act fairly in accordance with established rules in all it does |
| Petition of Rights | Challenged the idea of the divine right of kings, stated that even the monarch was subject to the laws of the land, signed by King Charles of England |
| English Bill of Rights | Created to prevent the abuse of power by English monarchs-written by the English Parliament |
| Charter | Written grant of authority given by a king |
| Bicameral | two houses |
| Proprietary | A piece of land organized by a proprietor, included the states of Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware |
| Unicameral | One house |
| Confederation | A joining of several groups for a common purpose |
| Albany Plan of Union | A plan to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes, turned down by England, written by Benjamin Franklin |
| Delegates | Representatives or members of Congress who cast votes based on the wishes of the people they represent |
| Popular sovereignty | People are the source of all power |
| Articles of Confederation | Our first Constitution |
| Ratification | Formal approval |
| Framers | Group of delegates who drafted the US Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention in 1787 |
| Virginia Plan | Called for a three-branch government and a bicameral legislature where each State's membership is determined by population or financial support of the new government |
| New Jersey Plan | Called for a unicameral legislature and each state would be equally represented |
| Connecticut Compromise | Agreement that Congress should be composed of two smaller houses |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | "free peoples" were counted as one person, while slaves were counted as three-fifths of a person when determining the State's population |
| Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise | Protected slave holders and denied Congress the power to tax export of goods from any State along with (20years) the power to act on slave trade |
| Federalists | People who favored ratification of the Constitution |
| Anti-federalists | People who were against the ratification of the Constitution |
| The Federalist | A newspaper describing what happen daily at the Constitutional Convention |
| Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation | Congress did not have power to tax, had no power to regulate trade between colonies, lacked power to make states obey the articles |
| What were the powers of Congress under the Articles of Confederation | Make war or peace, build a navy, borrow money |
| What was the "Critical Period"? | The 1780's when the states were arguing over political issues |
| What was the purpose of the meeting in Philadelphia in 1787? | The change/improve the Articles of Confederation |
| What do we call the 1787 Philadelphia meeting today? | The Constitutional Convention |
| Where those who attended the meeting in Philadelphia well qualified? | Yes, they were men of wide knowledge, public experience, wealth, and prestige |
| Who was the president of the convention? | George Washington |
| Who is considered the "Gather of the Constitution"? | James Madison |
| Why was Benjamin Franklin so important? | He was the mediator between the opposing groups |
| Great Agreement | It was the decision to write a completely new Constitution |
| What were some of the other compromises? | The amendment process, the manner in which to president is selected |
| When the convention finished its work, what important task needed to be completed? | The Constitution needed to be ratified by the States |
| What was "irregular" about this process? | Only 9 of the 13 were required to ratify it |
| Names of most famous Federalists | James Madison, Alexander Hamilton |
| What were the main arguments for the Constitution? | Need something better/stronger that the Articles of Confederation |
| two of the most famous Anti-Federalists | Patrick Henry, John Hancock |
| Two main arguments against the Constitution | It greately increased the power of the central government and it had no Bill of Rights |
| When was the Constitution rafified by the necessary number of States? | June 21, 1788 |
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