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Ch. 30
Gastroenterology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| absorption | process of transferring nutrients from the digestive tract into the bloodstream |
| alimentary canal | route of digestion that includes all structures from the mouth to the anus excluding the accessory organs of digestion; also known as the digestive or gastrointestinal tract |
| bolus | mass of masticated food |
| cardiac sphincter | circular muscle at the top of the stomach that allows food from the esophagus to enter the stomach |
| chyme | mixture of partially digested food and saliva |
| defecation | passage of feces from the bowels |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| digestion | chemical and physical breakdown of food in the gastrointestinal tract |
| enema | introduction of a solution into the rectum stimulate bowel activity |
| epiglottis | upper most cartilage of the larynx |
| excretion | process of eliminating waste products of digestion |
| glucagon | hormone that cleaves bonds in glycogen to release glucose |
| insulin | hormone that binds to glucose allowing its transport from the bloodstream to the tissues |
| mastication | chewing |
| peristalsis | wavelike muscular contractions that move food down the esophagus |
| rugae | folds on the internal surface of the stomach |
| saliva | oral secretions that moistened food for tasting, chewing, and swallowing |
| uvula | soft tissue hanging from the upper mouth that prevents food from entering the nasal cavity |
| villi | projections of the small intestines that will absorb water and nutrients |
| appendicolysis | surgery to free the appendix from adhesions |
| buccal | pertaining to the cheek |
| cheilitis | inflammation of the lip |
| labionasal | pertaining to the lips and nose |
| cholangioma | tumor of the bile duct |
| choleresis | secretion of bile by the liver |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder |
| choledocholithiasis | stone of the bile duct |
| coloplexy | fixation of a segment of the colon to the abdominal wall |
| colonopathy | any disease of the colon |
| dentition | the type, number, and arrangement of the teeth |
| orthodontist | specialist concerned with the position and alignment of teeth |
| duodenal | pertaining to the duodenum |
| enterospasm | intermittent painful contraction of the intestines |
| esophagocele | hernia of the esophagus |
| gastrectasia | acute or chronic dilation of the stomach |
| gingivitis | inflammation of the gums |
| glossopharyngeal | pertaining to the tongue and pharynx |
| lingual | pertaining to the tongue |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| ileostomy | surgery to create an opening from the ileum to the outside of the body |
| jejunorrhaphy | surgical repair of the jejunum |
| stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth |
| pancreatalgia | pain in the pancreas |
| pharyngotomy | incision into the pharynx |
| proctologist | specialist in diseases and disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus |
| pylorodiosis | dilation of the pylorus |
| rectocele | hernia of the rectum |
| sialolith | salivary stone |
| sigmoidoscopy | procedure to view the sigmoid colon |
| diarrhea | abnormally frequent discharge or flow of watery fecal matter from the bowel |
| perihepatic | around the liver |
| sublingual | under the tongue |
| hematemesis | vomiting of blood |
| anorexia | loss of appetite |
| cholelithiasis | condition of gallstones |
| dyspepsia | indigestion, bad digestion |
| polyphagia | eating large amounts of food |
| postprandial | following a meal |
| colitis | inflamed colon |
| dysphagia | painful or difficulty swallowing |
| flatulence | excessive gas in the stomach and intestines |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease | common condition where acid from the stomach flows back into the esophagus, causing discomfort and, sometimes, erosion of the lining of the esophagus |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity |
| polyp | growth projecting from a mucous membrane |
| pruritis | itching, tingling |
| pyrosis | heartburn |
| ac | before meals |
| ALT | alanine aminotransferase (liver enzyme test) |
| AST | aspartate aminotransferase (liver enzyme test) |
| BaE, BE | barium enema |
| BM | bowel movement |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
| IVC | intravenous cholangiogram |
| LFT | liver function test |
| NG | nasogastric |
| NPO, npo | nothing by mouth |
| pc | after meals |
| PO, po | by mouth |
| PR | per rectum |
| PUD | peptic ulcer disease |
| SBO | small bowel obstruction |
Created by:
rewebb
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