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Ch 11 practice exam
nervous system and nervous tissue
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where are neurotransmitters released? | Axon terminal |
| What are Nissl bodies? | The rough ER of the cell |
| What is the receptive region of the neuron? | Dendrites |
| What is the conducting region of the neuron? | Axon |
| What happens during the absolute refractory period? | Period during which the neuron CANNOT respond to a second stimulus, no matter how strong. |
| What happens during the depolarization period? | The interior of the cell becomes less negative due to an influx of sodium ions. |
| What is action potential? | a nerve impulse transmitted by axons. |
| What happens during the relative refractory period? | an exceptionally strong stimulus can trigger a response. |
| What is temporal summation? | Numerous nerve impulses arriving at a synapse at closely timed intervals exert a cumulative effect. |
| What is spatial summation? | Stimulation of a postsynaptic neuron by many terminals at the same time. |
| What is subthreshold stimulus? | An insufficient stimulus. |
| What is Threshhold stimulus? | Any stimulus below this intensity will result in no response in a neuron. |
| What is a reverberating circuit? | A neural circuit in which a single impulse is transmitted over and over. |
| What do Direct-acting neurotransmitters do? | open ion channels to provoke rapid responses. |
| What is true about Ohm's law? | Current is directly proportional to the voltage. |
| What are ependymal cells? | Cilliated CNS neuroglia that play an active role in moving the cerebrospinal fluid. |
| The sheath of Schwann is also called the: | Neurilemma |
| Where are Bipolar neurons commonly found? | The retina of the eye. |
| What is acetylcholine? | An excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle. |
| What is a neural circuit in which a single impulse is transmitted over and over called? | Reverberating circuit |
| What is the period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is NOT sensitive to another stimulus? | Absolute refractory period |
| A neural circuit that concentrates or directs a large number of incoming impulses to a rather small number of neurons is called a: | Converging circuit |
| What are the structural features of a neuron? | Nissl bodies, axon, dendrites |
| What is the part of the neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body called? | the axon |
| The chemically gated channel, NMDA, allows which ions entry into the nerve cell? | Ca2+ Ions |
| The point at which an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell is the: | Synapse |
| What is the role of Acetylcholinesterase? | To destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axonal endings. |
| What are some functions of the autonomic nervous system? | Innervation of smooth muscle and digestive tract, Innervation of cardiac muscle, Innervation of glands |
| What are collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system called? | Ganglia |
| The term central nervous system refers to the: | Brain and spinal cord |
| What substance is released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse? | Neurotransmitter |
| A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a: | Association neuron |
| What makes saltatory conduction possible? | the myelin sheath |
| Which ion is actively transported through the cell membrane to establish a resting potential? | Na (sodium) |
| What part of the neuron normally receives stimuli? | Dendrite |
| What is true about membrane potential? | Voltage would be measured by placing one electrode inside the membrane and another outside the membrane. |
| What does the sodium-potassium pump do? | pumps 3 sodium ions outside the cell and 2 potassium ions inside. |
| What is essential for impulse propagation? | An action potential |
| What does the synaptic cleft do? | Prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another. |
| What is a good example of a neuromodulator? | Nitric oxide |
| Which group of fibers spreads impulses at up to 1 meter per second? | Group C fibers |
| The sympathetic and parasympathetic are subdivisions of the? | Autonomic nervous system |
| What do ependymal cells do? | Help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid |
| What are astrocytes? | Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons by buffering potassium and recapturing neurotransmitters. |
| What are schwann cells functionally similar to? | oligodendrocytes. |
| Immediately after an action potential has peaked, which cellular gates open? | Potassium |
| Nerve cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) are crucial for the development of what? | Neural connections |
| What is an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) associated with? | Hyperpolarization |
| What occurs when an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is being generated on the dendritic membrane? | A single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium. |
| When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called a : | Generator potential |
| What is true about graded potentials? | They are short lived, can be called postsynaptic potentials and can form on receptor endings. |
| What is true about the movement of ions across excitable living membranes? | Some ions are prevented from moving down their concentration gradients by ATP-driven pumps. |
| What is serotonin? | an indolamine |
| A 2nd nerve impulse cannot be regenerated until: | The membrane potential has been reestablished. |
| In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? | The interior is negatively charged and contains less sodium. |
| If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon what would happen to the impulse? | The impulse would spread bidirectionally |
| What are group C fibers not capable of? | Not capable of saltatory conduction |
| What is true about serial processing? | spinal reflexes are an example of serial processing. |
Created by:
Chanellenae
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