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AP Us Gov. Ch5 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Civil Liberties | individual freedoms gaurenteed to the people primarily by the Bill of Rights |
| Civil Rights | citizenship rights gaurenteed to the people (primarily in the thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, nineteenth, and twenty-sixth amendments) and protected by the government |
| Habeas Corpus | The right of an accused person to be brought before a judge and informed of the charges and evidence agains him/her |
| Bills of Attainder | laws under which specific persons or groups are detained and sentenced without trial |
| Ex Post Facto Laws | laws that criminilize an action after it occurs |
| Incorporation | Supreme Court action making the protections of the Bill of Rights applicable to the states |
| Selective Incorporation | incorporation of rights on a case-by-case basis |
| Establishment Clause | the First Amendment guarantee that the government will not create and support an official state church |
| Separationists | supporters of a "wall of separation" between church and state |
| Accommodationists | supporters of government non-preferential accommodation of religion |
| Lemon Test | three-pronged rule used by the courts to determine whether the establishment clause is violated |
| Free Exercise Clause | the First Amendment guarantee that citizens may freely engage in the religious activities of their choice |
| Police Power | the ability of the government to protect its citizens and maintain social order |
| Compelling State Interest | a fundamental state purpose, which must be shown before the law can limit some freedoms or treat some groups of people differently |
| Sedition | speech that criticizes the government to promote rebellion |
| Bad Tendency Test | rule used by the courts that allows speech to be punished if it leads to punishable actions |
| Clear and Present Danger Test | rule used by the courts that allows language to be regulated only if it presents an immediate and urgent danger |
| Imminent Lawless Action Test | rule used by the courts that restricts speech only if it is aimed at producing or is likely to produce imminent lawless action |
| Freedom of Assembly | the right of the people to gather peacefully and to petition government |
| Miller Test | rule used by the courts in which the definition of obscenity must be based on local standards |
| Fighting Words | speech intended to indicate violence |
| Political Correctness | the idea that language shapes behavior and therefore should be regulated to control its social effects |
| Prior Restraint | censorship of or punishment for the expression of ideas before the ideas are printed or spoken |
| Libel | written defamation of character |
| Due Process of Law | guarantee that laws will be fair and reasonable and that citizens suspected of breaking the law will be treated fairly |
| Exclusionary Rule | rule created by the Supreme Court that evidence illegally seized may not be used to obtain a conviction |
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iambrisleeth
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