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Anterior Neck
WVSOM -- Gross Anatomy -- Anterior Neck
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is contained in the superficial layer of fascia? | platysma |
| What arch does the platysma come from? | 2nd (muscle of facial expression) |
| What innervates the platysma? | Cranial Nerve VII – Cervical branch |
| What three compartments are in the anterior neck? | vertebral, visceral and vascular |
| What is in the vertebral compartment? | vertebral column and associated muscles |
| What is in the visceral compartment? | thyroid and parathyroid glands, trachea, esophagus |
| What is in the fascular compartment? | common/interal carotic arteries, internal jugular vein and vagus nerve |
| What is the retropharyngeal space? | a potential space between the prevertebral fascia and the buccopharyngeal fascia |
| What does the retropharyngeal space allow? | movement of the trachea, larynx, pharynx and esophagus on the vertebral column |
| What is the retropharyngeal space a possible conduit for? | spread of infection into the posterior mediastinum |
| What forms the external jugular vein? | union of the posterior auricular and posterior branch of the retromandibular veins |
| Where does the external jugular drain into? | sublcavian vein |
| What is the communicating vein? | IF present it lies along the anterior border of the SCM and drains into the anterior jubular vein |
| What innervates the posterior belly of the digastrics? | CN VII |
| What innervates the anterior belly of the digastrics? | V3 |
| What innervates stylohyoid? | CN VII |
| What innervates myohyoid? | V3 |
| What innervates Geniohyoid? | C1 Ventral ramus |
| What constitutes the floor of the mouth? | suprahyoid muscles |
| What are the suprahyoid muscles? | mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, poasterior and Anterior bellies of the digastrics muscle |
| What are the strap muscles? | omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid and thyrohyoid |
| What is the action of the strap muscles? | stabilize and move the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage as needed during swallowing and speaking |
| What inverates the omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid? | Ansa Cervicalis |
| What innervates the Thyrohyoid? | C1 Ventral ramus |
| What is the adam’s apple? | projection of the thyroid cartilage |
| Where is the isthmus of they thyroid located? | anterior to the tracheal rings 2-4 |
| What are the thyroid hormones? | t3,t4 and calcitonin |
| What provides blood supply to the Parathyroids? | inferior thyroid arteries |
| What is the pharynx? | firbromusclar tube that functions in both respiratory and digestinve systems |
| What binds the pharynx superiorly? | sphenoid bone |
| What binds the pharynx posteriorly? | cervical vertebrae |
| What does the pharynx open into? | nasal cavity, mouth and larynx |
| What does the pharynx become inferiorly? | esophagus |
| What are the external circular layer of muscles? | superior middle and inferior |
| What are the external circular layers of muscles innervated by? | pharyngeal plexus (IX and x) |
| What is the inferior external circular muscle also known as ? | cricopharyngeal muscle |
| What is the function of the external circular layer of muscles? | constrictors |
| What are the internal layer of muscles of the pharynx? | stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus |
| What inverates the stylopharyngeus? | CN IX |
| What inverates the palatopharyngeus? | pharyngeal pleux |
| What invervates the salpingopharyngeus? | pharyngeal plexus |
| What is the function of the salpingopharyngeus? | elevates the pharynx |
| What is in the carotid sheath? | common carotid artery, internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve (anso cervvcialis is also there) |
| What is the arrangement of the contents of the carotid sheath? | Common carotid is medial, internal jugular is lateral and the vagus nerve is deep and in between |
| Where is the ansa cervicalis? | embedded in the anterolateral aspect of the carotid sheath |
| Where does the common carotid bifurcate? | near the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage |
| What is the carotid sinus? | slight dilation of the proximal internal coartid aretery |
| What is the function of the carotid sinus? | pressure receptor |
| What invervates the carotid sinus? | CN IX and X |
| What is the carotid body? | small reddish/brown ovoid mass that is located deep to the bifurcation of the common carotid artery |
| What is the function of the carotid body? | chemoreceptor responding to low levels of oxygen in the blood |
| What innervates the carotid body? | CN IX and X |
| What are the branches of the external carotid artery? | superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, posterior auricular, maxillary, and superficial termporal |
| Whow do you remember the branches of the external carotid artery? | Some Aggressive Lovers Find Odd Positions More Stimulating |
| Where is the phrenic nerve located? | anterior to the anterior scalene along with the suprascaular and transverse cervical arteries |
| What runs between the anterior and middle scalene muscles? | brachial plexus |
| What are the 3 regions of the subclavian artery? | 1 – medial 2-posterior 3-lateral |
| What are the branches of the 2st part of the suclavian artery? | vertebral, internal thoracic and thyrocervical trunk |
| What is the 2nd part of the subclavian artery? | costocervcial trunk |
| What is the 3rd part of the subclavian aretery? | dorsal scapular artery |
| What are the 4 prevertebral muscles? | longus coli, longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior and rectus capitus lateralis |
Created by:
tjamrose
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