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Hormones
Hormones, their glands, and their targets
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What hormones are released from the hypothalamus? | Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), Dopamine, Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), somatostatin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
| Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) | stimulates thyroid stimulating hormone release in the anterior pituitary gland |
| Dopamine | inhibit prolactin release from the anterior pituitary |
| Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH) | stimulate growth hormone release from anterior pituitary |
| Somatostatin | inhibits GH and TSH release from the anterior pituitary; also inhibits release of insulin in pancreas |
| gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) | stimulates FSH and LH release in anterior pituitary |
| Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) | stimulates ACTH release from anterior pituitary |
| Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) | from the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary, increase water permeability/promotes water reabsorption in kidneys |
| What are the hormones of the anterior pituitary? | Growth Hormone (GH), Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) |
| What are the hormones of the posterior pituitary? | Antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin |
| Growth hormone (GH) | affects whole body, stimulates growth and cell reproduction |
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) | stimulates release of T3 and T4 from thyroid gland |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | stimulates corticosteroids (cortisol, glucocorticoid and mineralcorticoid), and androgen synthesis and release from adrenocortical cells |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | in females: sitmulates maturation of ovarian follicles in ovary. In males: stimulates maturation of seminiferous tubules, spermatogenesis, and production of androgen-binding protein form testes |
| Luteinizing hormone (LH) | in females: stimulates ovulation and formation of corpus luteum. In males: stimulates testosterone synthesis |
| Prolactin (PRL) | stimulates milk synthesis and release from mammary glands with oxytocin |
| melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) | stimulates melanin synthesis and release from melanocytes in skin/hair |
| Oxytocin | stimulates uterine contractions and lactation in niples |
| What are the hormones of the thyroid? | triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin |
| Triiodothyronine (T3) | stimulates oxygen and energy production (through RNA polymerase stimulation), which increases metabolic rate and protein synthesis |
| Thyroxine (T4) | less active version of T3 |
| Calcitonin | stimulates osteoblasts for bone construction; inhibits the release of calcium from the bone and reducing overall calcium blood levels |
| What are the hormones of the pancreas? | Insulin (Beta islets), glucagon (alpha islets), somatostatin (sigma islets [?]), and pancreatic polypeptide |
| insulin | causes intake of glucose from the blood and synthesizes triglycerides in adipocytes reducing blood glucose levels |
| glucagon | causes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver causing an increase in blood glucose levels |
| pancreatic polypeptide | self regulates the pancreas |
| What are the parts of the adrenal gland? | Adrenal Cortex and adrenal medulla |
| What are the layers of the adrenal cortex? | from outside to inside: zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis |
| what are the hormones released from the adrenal cortex? | corticoids: glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralcorticoids (aldosterone), androgens |
| glucocorticoids (Cortisol) | stimulates gluconeogenesis and fat break down, but inhibits protein synthesis and metabolic rate |
| mineralcorticoids (Aldosterone) | stimulates sodium reabsorption in kidneys which increase water reabsorption. Also stimulates release of potassium and hydrogen ions into nephron of the kidneys |
| androgens (DHEA and testosterone for example) | in males: small effect similar to testosterone released from the testes. In females: masculinizing effects |
| what are the hormones of the adrenal medulla? | epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, enkephalin |
| epinephrine | affects whole body for fight response |
| norepinephrine | affects whole body for rest/flight response |
| enkephalin | regulates pain throughout whole body |
| what are the hormones of the parathyroid? | parathyroid hormone |
| parathyroid hormone (PTH) | stimulates calcium release and phosphate release and increases blood calcium land phosphate levels; stimulates break down of bone to release calcium, stimulates activation of vitamin D production in kidneys |
Created by:
drubin676
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