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anatomy
integumentary system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what makes up the integumentary system? | 1. skin 2. hair 3. nails 4. oil and sweat glands 5. sense receptors |
| what are the 3 parts of the cutaneous membrane? | 1. epidermis 2. dermis 3. subcutaneous layer( hypodermis) |
| what in the subcutaneous layer detects pressure? | lamellated corpuscles |
| what types of epithelium make up the epidermis? | keratinized stratified squamous |
| what are the four cell types in the epidermis? | 1. keratinocytes 2. melanocytes 3. intraepidermal macrophages 4. tactile epithelial cells |
| hornlike cells? produce keratin and lamellar granules? | keratinocytes |
| black cells? produce melanin? cluster? | melanocytes |
| immune response against skin invaders? | intraepidermal macrophages |
| landerhans cells | intraepidermal macrophages |
| merkel cells | tactile epithelial |
| touch sensations? tactile disc? | tactile epithelial |
| what are the two types of epidermis? | thin (hairy) thick (hairless) |
| layers of the epidermal strata? (thin to thick) deep to superficial | STRATUM: basale, spinosum, granulosum, corneum, lucidum |
| stratum germinativum? melanocytes are here? cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes? germ cells? | stratum basale |
| when stratumbasale and its germ cells are destroyed, new skin cells cannot grow? | skin graft |
| pigment-producing cells of the epidermis are located in which layer? | stratum basale |
| which layer has stem cells that undergo cell division to continually produce new keratinocytes? | stratum basale |
| thorn-like projections are bundles of intermediate filament where they inserted into desmosomes? | stratum spinosum |
| which layer of the epidermis contains intraepidermal macrophages? | stratum spinosum |
| transition layer? apoptosis? lamella granules? water repellant and sealant? | stratum granulosum |
| clear layer? only in thick skin? hairless layers? | stratum lucidum |
| surface? snake scales? callus? | stratum corneum |
| transition between metabolically active cells of lower layers and the dead layers of keratinocytes of the upper layers? | granulosum |
| what happen as cells push to the surface? | get more keratin |
| what determines rate of growth and shedding? | cell division in stratum basale |
| abnormal kertain? flaky, silvery at skin surface? | psoriasis |
| dense irregular connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers | dermis |
| papillary (thin) and reticular (thick) | dermis |
| finger-like projections? increase surface are? | dermal papillae |
| free nerve endings, corpuscles of touch, capillary loops? superficial portion? | papillary region of dermis |
| sebaceous and sudorifierous glands? extensibility and elasticity? | reticular region of dermis |
| ridges and grooves that look like loops to the naked eye | epidermal ridges |
| sebaceous gland open to epidermis | prints |
| increase surface area epidermis for traction and tactile( touch) sensitivity | fingerprints and footprints |
| internal scarring (stretch marks) | striae |
| predominate direction of underlying collagen fibers | lines of cleavage |
| aerolar CT with thin collagen and elastic fibers | papillary region of dermis |
| deeper portion of dermis | reticular region of dermis |
| produced by melanocytes in the stratum basale | melanin |
| most common form of biological melanin | eumelanin |
| benzothiazine units responsible for red hair and freckles | pheomelanin |
| precursor to vitamin A | carotene |
| inherited inability to produce melanin | albinism |
| partial or complete loss of melanocytes from patches of skin | vitiligo |
| lack of oxygen | cyanotic |
| build up of bilirubin due to liver disease | jaundiced |
| heat, exposure, infection | erythematous |
| shock or anemia | pallor |
| oil glands | sebaceous |
| oily? prevents evaporation? keep skin soft? inhibit bacteria? | sebum |
| sweat glands | suboriferous |
| secrete outward to body surface (forehead, palms, soles of feet) | eccrine sweat glands |
| regulation of body temp through perspiration | thermoregulation |
| Emotional sweating, sexual activities "separated from" | apocrine sweat glands |
| modified sweat in external ear | ceruminous glands |
| earwax | cerumen |
| protection? counter pressure? groom | nails |
| transparent nail body with lunula | free edge |
| embedded in fold of skin | nail root |
| cuticle of nail | eponychium |
| growth of nail occurs here | nail matrix |
| vasodilation and vasoconstriction | thermoregulation (skin) |
| excrete bactericidal chemical, acidic pH of perspiration, protect from abrasion, microbes, heat | protection (skin) |
| touch, pressure, vibration, tickling, warmth, coolness – impending tissue damage warning system | cutaneous sensations (skin) |
| water evaporation removes heat | Excretion and absorption |
| precursor molecule in skin must be activated by UV sunlight; enzymes then change it to calcitriol | Synthesis of vitamin D |
| abrasion and minor burns | epidermal wound healing |
| phase 1 of deep wound healing | inflammatory phase- clot, call for help |
| phase 2 of deep wound healing | migratory-scab, epithelial cells migrate, scar tissue. Granulation tissue |
| phase 3 of deep wound healing | proliferative- extensive growth, collagen randomly deposited by fibroblasts |
| phase 4 of deep wound healing | maturation- scab sloughs off |
| raised scar that often forms after deep wound healing | fibrosis |
| remain in boundaires of original wound | hypertrophic scar |
| extend beyond boundaries into surrounding tissues | keloid scar |
| epidermis derived from ectoderm | embryonic inte. system |
| dermis arises from mesoderm | embryonic inte. system |
| Mesoderm gives rise to loosely organized embryonic CT | mesenchyme |
| constant defiency of blood flow to tissues( decubitus) | pressure ulcers |
Created by:
mytoia05
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