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Med Term Ch4
term word parts muscular system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| bi- | twice, double, two |
| -cele | hernia, tumor, swelling |
| dys- | bad, difficult, or painful |
| fasci/o | fascia, fibrous band |
| fibr/o | fibrous tissue, fiber |
| -ia | abnormal condition, disease |
| -ium | plural form of abnormal condition, disease |
| -ic | pertaining to |
| kines/o, kinesi/o | movement |
| my/o | muscle |
| -plegia | paralysis, stroke |
| -rrhexis | rupture |
| tax/o | coordination, order |
| ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | tendon, stretch out, extend, strain |
| ton/o | tone, stretching, tension |
| tri- | three |
| abduction | the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body |
| adduction | the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body |
| adhesion | band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally |
| ataxia | lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement |
| atonic | lacking normal muscle tone or strength |
| atrophy | weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures |
| bradykinesia | extreme slowness in movement |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen |
| chronic fatigue syndrome | disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems |
| circumduction | the circular movement at the far end of a limb |
| contracture | the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with non elastic fibrous tissues |
| dorsiflexion | the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle |
| dyskinesia | distortion or impairment of voluntary movement such as a tic or spasm |
| dystonia | condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement |
| electromyography | diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response o nerve stimulation |
| epicondylitis | inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow |
| ergonomics | study of human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment |
| exercise physiologist | a specialist who works under the supervision of a a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness |
| fasciitis | inflammation of fascia |
| fibromyalgia | debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain |
| ganglion cyst | harmless fluidfilled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist |
| heel spur | calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus |
| hemiparesis | slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body |
| hemiplegia | total paralysis affecting only one side of the body |
| hernia | protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it |
| hyperkinesia | hyperactivity, abnormally increased muscle function or activity |
| hypotonia | condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles |
| impingement syndrome | inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint |
| insertion | where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon |
| intermittent claudication | pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest |
| muscular dystrophy | describes a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles without affecting the nervous system |
| myasthenia gravis | chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles |
| myocele | herniation of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it |
| myoclonus | the sudden involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles |
| myofascial release | specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions |
| myolysis | degeneration of muscle tissue |
| myoparesis | weakness or slight muscular paralysis |
| myorrhaphy | surgical suturing a muscle |
| neuromuscular | pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle |
| nocturnal myoclonus | jerking of the limbs that can occur normally as a person is falling asleep |
| oblique | slanted or at an angle |
| paralysis | the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply |
| paraplegia | paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body |
| physiatrist | a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function |
| plantar fasciitis | inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot |
| polymyositis | muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body |
| pronation | act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm is turned downward or backwards |
| quadriplegia | paralysis of all four extremities |
| range of motion of testing | diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength |
| sarcopenia | the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging |
| shin splint | a painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia |
| singultus | hiccups, myoclonus of the diaphram |
| spasmodic torticollis | wryneck, stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side |
| sphincter | ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway |
| sprain | an injury to a joint involving a ligament |
| tenodesis | surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone |
| tenosynovitis | inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon |
| tenolysis | the release of a tendon from adhesions |
| tenorrhaphy | surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon |
| transverse | crosswise direction |
Created by:
Ms Edwards
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