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Immunohematology
ABO discrepancies
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Group 1 discrepancy | Weak or missing ag due to immunocompromised status |
| Group 2 discrepancy | Missing antigens due to disease or rare subgroup |
| Group 3 discrepancy | Unexpected antigens due to disease or extra proteins |
| Group 4 discrepancy | Unexpected antibodies due to infection or alloantibodies |
| Group 1 missing ab resolve | Determine diagnosis, incubate at room temperature 15 minutes, incubate at 4 to enhance cold ab |
| Group 2 missing ag resolve | Room temperature incubation to enhance weak rxn, pretreat with enzymes, check for acquired B |
| Group 3 unexpected ag resolve | Wash to resolve forward testing, saline replacement, wash to remove whartons jelly |
| Group 4 unexpected ab resolve | DAT at cold temp for cold alloantibodies, Dolichos biflorus to detect A2 our other A subgroup, ab screen/panel to detect alloantibodies |
| Forward typing discrepancies | Missing ag due to subgroup/disease, extra ag due to disease or protein, mixed field die to transfusions or transplant |
| Reverse typing discrepancies | Missing ab in newborns or elderly, extra ab due to anti-A1 alloantibodies, passive immunity |
| Caucasian ABO frequencies | A 41%, B 10%, O 45%, AB 4% |
| Black ABO frequencies | A 27%, B 20%, O 49%, AB 4% |
| Asian ABO frequencies | A 28%, B 26%, O 40%, AB 6% |
| Enzymes enhance | Rh, Kidd, Lewis, P |
| Enzymes destroy | Kell, Duffy, MNS (Lutheran) |
| Cold antibodies | Lewis, P, MN, Lu-a |
| Warm antibodies | Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, SsU, Lu-b |
| Labile in vivo and in vitro | Kidd |
| Expression lost during pregnancy | Lewis |
| Resistant to P. vivax | Fy (a-b-) cells |
| R1 | DCe, common |
| R0 | Dce, common in blacks, otherwise rare |
| R2 | DcE, 20% or less in all pops |
| RZ | DCE, extremely rare |
| r | dce, rare in Asians, otherwise common |
| r' | rCe, rare |
| r" | dcE, extremely rare |
| rY | dCE, extremely rare |
| Hydatid cyst fluid | Has anti-P activity |
| Donath-Landsteiner test | For paroxysmal cold hemogloburia. Detects anti-P IgG |
| Hematocrit increase per unit RBC | 3% |
| Hemoglobin increase per unit RBC | 1g/dL |
| Whole blood indications | Symptomatic anemia with large volume deficit |
| RBC indications | Symptomatic anemia |
| Plasma indications | Deficiency of labels and stable plasma coagulation factors |
| Cryoprecipitate pooled indications | Hypifibrinogenemia, factor Xlll deficiency |
| Factor Vlll indications | Hemophilia A |
| Basic evaluation of transfusion rxn | Clerical error check, hemolysis check, DAT, retype |
| Increase in platelets per unit | 20,000-40,000 |
| Factor IX | Hemophilia B |
| RhIgG dose calculation | Fetal cell % x 50 \ 30 plus one vial |
| Refractive mixed field agglutination | Anti-Sda |
| Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia | Often associated with anti-e |
| Neutralize Lea | Use saliva containing secretions of Lea |
| Complement dependant antibodies detection | Serum stored at 4C for less than 48 hours |
| HTLA | High titer low avidity antibodies |
| NAT testing for | HIV, HCV |
| Vaccines with no deferral period | Recombinant vaccines |
| Acceptable time limit for whole blood collection | 20 minutes |
| Placid/clopidogrel | Destroys platelets |
| Waiting period between autologous donations | 3days |
| Cryoprecipitate expiration post thaw, post pooling | 4 hours |
| RBCs retained after leukoreduction | 85% |
| Techniques for weak D testing | 37C incubation +IAT |
| Wiener Rh theory | Single-locus theory, multiple alleles determine surface Rh antigens |
| Weak D is missed by | gel testing, because ithe ABD card lacks a 37C and AHG phase |
| U antigen | Part of the MNS group, no dosage, not affected by enzymes, IgG class warm significant antibody |
| Poorly expressed at birth | Lewis, Lutheran, I, ABO |
| strong expression at birth | Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, MNS |
| Clinically significant antigens in generally non-significant groups | Lub, SsU |
| McLeod phenotype | Lacks Kell group. Associated with CGD |
Created by:
Enebergall
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