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Bone Tissue
A&P notes for test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 5 Functions of bone | -attachment for muscles -protection and support -formation of blood cells -storage of inorganic salts -passageway for nerves and blood vessles |
| Osteocytes | (bone cells) are located in small chambers called lacunae that are arranged in concentric rings made up of the bone cells and a matrix |
| Matrix | is made up of collagen (makes it strong and resilient) and inorganic salts (calcium phosphate makes it hard and resistant to crushing) |
| Calcium | phosphate makes it hard and resistant to crushing |
| Canaliculi | osteocytes communicate with each other by tiny passageways called Canaliculi |
| Lamellae | layers of lamellae (osteocytes and matrix) form an osteon |
| Osteon | which has a central canal |
| Haversian Canal | many osteons make up compact bone - spongy bone just doesn't have as much matrix and the cells are not arranged in osteons |
| Volkmann's Canal | haversian canal runs longitudinally in bone and are connected by transverse canals called Volkmann's Canal |
| Intramembranous Bone | bone grows from primitive cartilage tissue by osteoblasts - bone forming cells - located between layers of membranes EX. flat bones of the skull |
| Endochondral Bone | forms from hyaline cartilage that is the shape of the future bone EX. most of the bones of the skeleton |
| Osteoclasts | bone destroying cells |
| Osteoblasts | bone forming cells work to get just the right amount of bone tissue in just the right places |
| Parathyroid | hormone stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone tissue and thus releases calcium into the blood |
| Calcitonin | (from the thyroid gland) stimulates osteoblasts to build more matrix and thus remove calcium from the blood |
| Joints | places where bone (articulates with) meets bone |
| 3 Types of Joints | -fibrous: bones that closely contact each other EX. sutures of skull -cartilaginous: when hyaline or fibrocartilage is between the bones EX. intervertebral discs -synovial: most of the articulations of the skeleton - these joints allow for much movement |
| Examples of Synovial Joints | -Pivot: btw. the head and the atlas -Hinge: at the elbow & knee -Ball & Socket: at the shoulder & hip -Gliding: at the carpals & tarsals -Saddle: at the thumb |
| Osteoporosis |
Created by:
shipmaal
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