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Hx Study Guide
Includes main events of medical history
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who isolated radium in 1910? | Marie Curie |
| Who established the patterns of heredity? | Gregory Mendel |
| Who developed a vaccine for smallpox in 1796? | Edward Jenner |
| Who described the circulation of blood to and from the heart? | William Harvey |
| Who began public health and sanitation systems? | Romans |
| Who discovered X-rays in 1895? | William Roentgen |
| Who is the father of medicine? | Hippocrates |
| Who discovered penicillin in 1928? | Sir Alexander Fleming |
| Which artists used dissection to draw the human body? | Leonardo da Vinci and Michaelangelo |
| During which time was emphasis placed on saving the soul and the study of medicine was prohibited? | The Dark Ages |
| Who founded the American Red Cross in 1881? | Clara Barton |
| Who were the earliest known people to maintain accurate health records? | The Egyptians |
| Who began pasteurizing milk to kill bacteria? | Louis Pasteur |
| Who created the rabies vaccine? | Louis Pasteur |
| Who used acupuncture to relieve pain and congestion? | The Chinese |
| Who developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens? | Robert Koch |
| Who is the founder of modern nursing? | Florence Nightingale |
| Who began using disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery? | Joseph Lister |
| Who created the first mercury thermometer? | Gabriel Fahrenheit |
| Who developed the polio vaccine in 1952? | Jonas Salk |
| Who began the use of animal gut for suture material? | Rhazes |
| Who created the germ theory? | Ignaz Sammelweis and Louis Pasteur |
| What is the germ theory? | Some diseases are caused by microorganisms that are transferred from one host to another |
| What is a retrovirus? | Targets a host cell and alters its DNA. After that, every time the host cell reproduces, it spreads the virus |
| What is a bacteriostatic? | Stops bacteria from spreading but does not necessarily kill it |
| What is a bactericidal? | A substance that kills bacteria |
| What is an oncogene? | A gene that can transform a cell into a tumor cell |
| What did ancient people think was the cause of disease and illness? | Evil spirits and demons |
| What four things did Hippocrates stress to help the body heal itself? | Good diet, fresh air, cleanliness, and exercise |
| What was the main method for curing illnesses during the Dark Ages? | Prayer and divine intervention |
| Name four diseases that shortened the life span of individuals during the Middle Ages? | Smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, and typhoid |
| Why was dissection a great advance in health care during the Renaissance? | It allowed a better understanding of anatomy and physiology. It allowed doctors to see and examine the organs and the body systems |
| What did apothecaries use to make most medications in the 17th century? | Different herbal mixtures |
| Who invented the microscope? Why is this invention important? | Zacharias Janssen. With microscopes, scientists were able to discover the existence of microorganisms, study the structure of cells, and see the smallest parts of plants, animals, and fungi. |
| Who invented the stethoscope? Why is this invention so important? | René Laennec. With stethoscopes, doctors were able to listen to problems/sounds in the body with ease |
| Who is Andreas Vesalius? | Belgian physician that decided to study anatomy by dissecting human bodies. Created first accurate description of the inside of the human body |
| Who is Karl Landsteiner? | Discovered that there are different blood groups. Discovered blood transfusion was only safe between people who have compatible blood types |
| What did Dr. Horace Wells, William Morton, and Crawford Long do? | Experimented with different substances thought to have the ability to reduce pain. Discovered an effective anesthesia. |
| What did James Lind do? | His work advanced the practice of preventive medicine and improved nutrition |
| What did Howard Florey and Erns Chain do? | They continued Fleming's research and created Sulfa drugs |
| What did Gerhard Domagk do? | Created bacteriostatics. |
| What did Sir Frederick Grant Banting, Charles Best, John James, and Richard Macleod do? | They discovered that diabetes could be treated with insulin shots. |
| What did Michael Bishop and Harold Varmus do? | Discovered the genetic basis of cancer |
| What did Luk Montaghier and Robert Galo do? | Discovered the cause of AIDS and how it spreads. Discovered that it is a retrovirus |
| What did Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins do? | Discovered vitamins. He also discovered the amino acid tryptophan, in 1901. |
| What did Joseph Murray do? | Performed the first successful human kidney transplant. |
Created by:
Raqi2001
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