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Anatomy Chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| chemistry | structure and interactions of matter |
| matter | anything that occupies space and has mass |
| mass | amount of matter |
| weight | force of gravity acting on a mass |
| what are the three types of matter? | 1. solid 2. liquid 3. gas |
| solid | compact with definitive shape and volume (bones,teeth) |
| liquid | definite volume and assume the shape of their container (blood plasma) |
| gas | no shape no volume (CO2) |
| What elements make up majority of the human body? | 1. C-carbon 2. O-oxygen 3. H-hydrogen 4. N-nitrogen |
| what are chemical symbols? | names of elements |
| the three types of elements? | 1. lesser 2. trace 3. Major |
| atoms | smallest units that retain the properties and characteristics of an element |
| what are the subatomic particles? | 1. protons 2. electrons 3. neurons |
| first electron shell | can hold 2 e- |
| second electron (valence) shell | outermost shell can hold 8 e- |
| atomic # | # of protons |
| mass # | # of protons and neurons |
| isotopes | have identical chemical properties |
| chemical property | determined by electrons |
| atomic mass | average mass of all its isotopes (neutrons+protons) |
| dalton | unit of measurement assigned to the weight of a neutron, proton and electron |
| ion | atom that has gained or lost an electron |
| molecule | 2 or more atoms share electrons |
| compound | substance that contains different elements |
| free radical | an atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron in the outermost shell |
| antioxidants | fight free radicals |
| octet rule | two or more atoms bond to share a total of 8 valence electrons |
| three types of chemical bonds | 1. ionic 2. covalent 3. hydrogen |
| electrolytes | positive and negative ions in a salt break apart |
| cation | a positively charged ion |
| anion | a negatively charged ion |
| covalent bond | to cohabitate the same valence shell( the more pairs the stronger the bong) |
| polar | sharing of electrons is not equal (2 poles) (H2O) |
| nonpolar | two atoms share electrons equally |
| Hydrogen Bonds | 2 other atoms associate with a hydrogen atom. form between C & H |
| surface tension | how difficult it is to stretch or break the attraction of H bonds |
| chemical reactions | new bonds are formed or old bonds are broken |
| reactants | starting substance |
| products | ending substance |
| metabolism | all chemical reactions in body |
| forms of energy and Chemical reactions | 1. potential 2. kinetic 3. chemical |
| potential energy | stored energy |
| kinetic energy | energy released during motion |
| chemical energy | stored in bonds |
| endergonic energy | stored energy inside |
| exergonic energy | energy released or going out |
| can energy be destroyed or created? | is can only be converted from one form to another. conversion release heat |
| activation energy | the collision energy needed to disrupt the valence shell and break a new bond |
| law of conservation energy | the participants dont change (product,reactant)-the arrangement does |
| concentration | the more particles present the more likely they are to collide. |
| temperature | particles move faster when heated; which causes them to collide and disrupt valence shell |
| catalyst | lowers the amount of activation energy required to start reaction; turn particles to face one another's collision spots |
| synthesis | 2 or atoms combine to form new and larger molecules ; A+ B = AB |
| Decomposition | breaking down of larger molecules into smaller ones; AB break down into A+B |
| Exchange | both composition and decompostion reactions; AB+CD= AD+BC |
| Reversible | products can revert back to reactants; AB breaks down or combines to form A+B |
| Oxidation reduction OIL RIG | O= loss R=gain |
| inorganic compounds | lack carbon: water is the most important |
| organic compounds | always have carbon, usually have hydrogen |
| solution | combination of solvent and solution |
| solvent | dissolves another substance |
| solute | thing being dissolved |
| hydrolysis reaction | allows dietary nutrients to break apart in body |
| dehydration synthesis | allow body to build larger molecules |
| mixture | elements that are physically blended but not bonded |
| types of mixtures | 1. solution 2. colloid 3. suspension |
| types of chemical reactions | 1. synthesis 2. decomposition 3. exchange 4. reversible |
| colloid | solute+ solvent, large particles that scatter (milk, fog) |
| suspension | solute+solvent, will settle on bottom (RBCs) |
| percentage | estimated amount of solute in a solution |
| moles per liter (molarity) | total number of molecules in a solution |
| mole | unit of measure related to atomic mass |
| dissociation | dissolving acids, bases or salts in water |
| acidosis | PH below 7.35 |
| alkalosis | PH above 7.35 |
| buffers | convert strong acids or bases into weak ones |
| carbohydrates | chemical energy; |
| deoxiribose | used structurally in DNA |
| polysaccharides | sugar in its stormed form |
| fatty acids | one carboxyl group and hydrogen chain |
| saturated vs. unsaturated | single carbon bond vs one or more double carbon bond |
| monounsaturated vs polyunsaturated | one double bond vs many double carbon bonds |
| triglycerides | single glycerol head attached to three fatty acid tails (fats and oils); 2X energy per gram as carbs or protein |
| Four levels of protein organization | 1. primary (flat) 2. secondary (spiral or beta sheet) 3. tertiary ( three polypeptide chain 4. quaternaty (more than one peptide) |
Created by:
mytoia05
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