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NRTC Nett
Chapters 6-8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How are joints classified | Movability and the materials binding them together |
| What are the 6 types of synovial joints | Ball and socket, Gliding, condyloid, saddle, hinge, pivot |
| Movement of synovial joints depends on? | Shape of the joint, and involvement of nearby muscles, tendons, and ligaments |
| What is the name of the shoulder joint | Humeroscapular joint |
| Name of the elbow joint | Humeroulnar joint |
| Name of the knee joint | Tibiofemoral joint |
| How many bones in the human body | 206 |
| What are the cartilage pads of the knee | Meniscus... Medial and lateral |
| Where do you find condyloid joints | Wrist |
| Where do you find Gliding joints | Feet, ankles, vertebrae, carples and tarsles |
| What is the most complicated joint of the body | Knee |
| What joint is most likely joint to displace | Shoulder... Humeroscapular joint |
| 2 divisions of the skeleton | Axial and appendicular |
| In what bone do you find the foramen magnum | Occipital |
| Name of the joint of the cranium | Temporomandibular joint |
| What are the landmarks of the temporal bone | Temporomandibular joint, styloid process, zygomatic arch, mastoid process |
| What bone of the skull is moth shaped | Sphenoid |
| What is the landmark of the sphenoid bone | Sella turcica |
| What important function does the sella turcica perform | Protects the pituitary gland |
| What are the four pairs of paranasal sinuses | Sphenoid, frontal, maxillary, ethmoid |
| What are the smallest bones of the body...names | Malleus, Stapes, Incus. They are also called ossicles |
| What is the function of the hyoid bone | Protects larynx, attachment point for the muscles of the tongue |
| How many vertebral attachment points are there | 33 |
| Name the cervical vertebrae | C1-C7 |
| Name the thoracic vertebrae | T1-T12 |
| Name the lumbar vertebrae | L1-L5 |
| Exaggerated thoracic curve | Kyphosis |
| Exaggerated lumbar curve | Lordosis |
| Lateral curvature of the spine | Scoliosis |
| What is the purpose of the vertebral foramen | Allows for passage of the spinal cord |
| What is the weight bearing portion of the vertebrae | Body |
| What part of the vertebrae serves as a point of muscle attachment | Spinous process |
| What is a herniated disk | A crack in the fibrocartilage of the vertebral disk |
| What is the landmark we palpate for in cpr | Xiphoid process |
| What is the superior bone fused to the sternum | Manubruim |
| How many pairs of ribs... How many are true.. False.. And floating | 12 total..7 are directly starched to the sternum and are called true ribs...3 are false and start at the 8th rib attached to cartilage.. Two are floating ribs number 11&12 |
| What is the triangle of space at the base of the ribs | Costal margin |
| What are two possibilities that could cause an increased Angle of the costal margin | Respiratory disorders, pregnancy |
| What are the 3 landmarks of the scapula | Acromion process, coracoid process, and the glenoid cavity |
| What two landmarks make the elbow | The olcranian fossa and olcranian process |
| What is the landmark of the ilium | Iliac crest |
| What is the inferior and atrerior portion of the ilium called | Pubis |
| What is the posterior and inferior portion of the ilium | Ischium |
| What is the depression that holds the head of the femur | Acetabulum |
| I'm the part of the pelvic girdle you sit on | Ischial Tuberosity |
| What is the name of the hole threw which the femoral artery goes threw | Obturator foramen |
| Largest bone of the body | Femur |
| Largest tendon | Achilles tendon |
| Where do you find epicondyles | Knee |
| Where is the greater trochanter... Why do we use it | Located on the femur... Used as a landmark for IM injections |
| Where do most hip breaks occure | Neck of the femur |
| What is the purpose of epichondyle | Attachment for ligaments |
| Where do you find the malleolus | Medial and lateral sides of the ankles |
| What is the name of the epithelial tissue that lines the medullary cavity | Endostrium |
| What is the hollow cavityin the diaphysis of the bone | Medullary cavity |
| Where does bone growth occure | Epiphyseal plate |
| What is hematopoiesis | The making of Red blood cells |
| Name a sesamoid bone | Patella |
| What bones are irregular | Facial and vertebrae |
| Flat bones include | Frontal bone, sternum, ribs |
| What bones are short bones | Wrist/ankle |
| What classification of bone is the femur | Long |
| What are the 2 types of bone tissue | Compact, spongy |
| What gives spongy bone its lattis work pattern | Trabeculae |
| What is a functional unit of bone tissue | Osteon |
| Haversion canal | Verticle canal for vessels that run threw bone |
| Volkmans canal | Horizontal vessel canal that connects the haversion canals |
| What is the process of changing cartilage to bone | Ossification |
| Intramembranious ossification | Stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts |
| When a woman is about three months along what process is taking place in her fetuses long bones | Endochondrial ossification |
| What type of ossification has taken place in the skull when the fontanels harden | Intramembranous |
| What is the purpose of fontanels | Allow the baby to pass threw the birth canal, allows for growth |
| What is a mature osteoblast | Osteocyte |
| Where does diffusion of calcium and phosphorus tale place in the bone | Diaphysis |
| Kind of fracture most likely to require surgery | Spiral |
| Incomplete fracture | Greenstick |
| Bone comes out of the skin | Compound |
| Clean break...no tissue disruption | Simple |
| Types of muscle | smooth, cardiac, and skeletal |
| what kind of muscle would you find in the digestive tract | smooth |
| what kind of muscle causes movement of body appendages | skeletal |
| name of a single muscle cell | muscle fiber |
| what is the delecate connective tissue that covers each muscle fiber | endomysium |
| what is a group of muscle fibers covered in endomysium called | fascicles |
| what is the covering around a fascicle | perimysium |
| surrounds the muscle as a whole | epimysium |
| what is the selectively permeable membrane of a muscle fiber | sarcolemma |
| gell of the muscle cell | sarcoplasm |
| calcium ions are stored here | sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| thick myofilaments | myosin |
| thin myofilaments | actin |
| what energy molecule must be present for a contraction of a muscle fiber to occure | ATP |
| how do muscles move | by contraction |
| motor neuron | nerve of muscle |
| what is the space between the motor neuron and the muscle | neuromuscular junction |
| what is the neurotransmitter being used in muscle contraction | AcH |
| what starts the chain of events in the sarcoplasmic reticulum | AcH |
| not fully flexed | muscle tone |
| what is responsible for posture standing and holding up your head | muscle tone |
| what does the strength of the contraction depend on | the number of muscle fibers involved |
| motor unit consists of | one neuron and all the fibers it stimulates |
| what needs to happen for a contraction to be effective | fibers contract at the same time and for the same length of time |
| muscles can contract at different strengths depending on what | the amount of work needing to be done |
| what are two types of muscle contraction | isotonic and isometric |
| what kind of contraction is lifting a bar bell | Isotonic |
| what kind of contraction is like a resistance exercise | Isometric |
| the main muscle triggering the movement is | prime mover |
| what is the end of the muscle attached to a bone with less mobility called | origin |
| end of the muscle that is attatched to a freely movable bone | insertion |
| synergists | muscle that assists the prime mover |
| antagonist | the muscle that does the opposite movement as the prime mover |
| muscles are named according to what 5 things | size, shape, location and number of origins, direction of muscle fibers,action |
| what muscle raises your eyebrows | frontalis |
| what muscles are sphincter muscles of the face | orbicularis oculi and orbicularis oris |
| opens and shuts eye | orbicularis oculi |
| controls lips | orbicularis oris |
| what muscle closes your jaw | masseter |
| muscle that flexes head in a bow your head movement | sternocleidomastoid |
| trapezius | extends head...look up |
| intercostals | muscles that lie between the ribs and assist in breathing in and out |
| enlarges the thorax to trigger inspiration | diaphragm |
| what two muscles do you use to make the twisting motion of the trunk... | internal and external oblique |
| what two muscles work together for the bending or leaning foreword movement | rectus and transversus abdominus |
Created by:
Annettekeith
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