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Mod 2 Ch 46
Ch. 46 Urinalysis
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 24-hour urine specimen | -determines filtration rate of kidneys -first thing in the morning is the start time -first void is discarded -note the time -do not void directly into container |
| clean-catch mid-stream | -detects UTIs -must use sterile container -clean urethra area well (3 cloths) -label container before test -start to urinate in toilet, then stop -urinate into the container |
| 3 reasons for urinalysis | 1. routine evaluation 2. diagnostic purposes 3. monitor course of treatment |
| MA's role | -collect -store -process for testing -labeling |
| random sample | -most commonly used collection process -can be collected at any time during the day -a non-sterile container can be used |
| morning specimen - first void | -most concentrated sample -bring to office within 30 min |
| when to refrigerate urine | any specimen not tested within 30 minutes |
| two-hour postprandial | -used to screen and look at renal thresh hold -collected 2 hours after a meal |
| Catheterization specimens | 1. foley - used for collecting over long periods of time 2. straight - used for one-time specimen collections |
| physical characteristics | 1. appearance 2. color 3. odor 4. quantity |
| appearance | urine can be clear, cloudy, or turbid (doesn't allow light to pass thru) |
| color | -normal is straw or pale yellow. -can range from clear (on diuretics or too hydrated), bright yellow (high vit B), orange (meds for bladder spasms), red/brown (uti, menses), brown/black (serious illness), and blue/green (meds) |
| odor | -any abnormal odor should be noted -odors include: ammonia (urine breakdown), fruity (fat metabolism or glucose), and foul (infection) |
| quantity (volume) | -measured for timed specimens -24-hour amount = 700-2000 mL with average of 1500mL |
| chemical characteristics | -specific gravity -pH -protein -glucose hematuria (blood) -ketones -bilirubin -urobilinogen -nitrates -leukocytes |
| specific gravity | -estimates the concentration of urine |
| pH | -normal is 4.6 - 7.9, usually around 6.0 |
| protein, glucose, hematuria, keytones, bilirubin, and nitrates | -not normally found in urine -presence indicates infection or problem |
| urobilinogen | -usually found in small quantities -indicated RBC destruction |
| nitrates | -increase indicates bacteria in urine - UTI |
| leukocytes (WBCs) | -very few found -increase indicates UTI |
| refractometer | usually used in Urology office |
| testing urine w reagent strips | -after dipping strip, hold strip on its side so each cell doesn't drip into the next one and contaminate results -compare strip to colors on container which indicate results |
| reagent tablet testing | -verifies presence of glucose -liquid boils, so do not hold tube, use test-tube rack |
| microscopic examination | -not CLIA-waived, must be performed by the Provider |
| preparing urine for microscopic exam | -pour fresh urine into tube -centrifuge -pour of supernatant -sediment remains -stain remains to better contrast the formed elements present |
| supernatant | lighter liquid on top of urine sample after centrifuging |
| sediment | solid material left on bottom of tube after centrifuging |
| urine pregnancy test | -perform hand hygiene -gather supplies -label test -label / perform control -complete and time test according to pkg directions -read and record results -document qc in log -dispose of supplies -wash hands |
| drug analysis | -bathroom prep is most important step -follow chain of custody (important b/c the testing is accurate and there is no tampering with specimen) -prepare pt. |
| quality control | necessary for accurate results |
Created by:
vanstellee
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