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Background
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Inflation | rapid price increases |
| pious (piety) | religious, devout |
| clergy (cleric, clerical) | priests etc |
| Papacy (papal) | the institution of the Pope |
| Schism | division (usually in religious belief) |
| Heresy (heretic, heretical) | a belief that goes against the Catholic Church's teaching |
| Parliament | a representative body of government |
| Lay (laypeople, laity) | people who aren't clergy |
| secular | of this world, not religious |
| excommunicate | kick out of the Church (which means going to hell) |
| Scripture | holy texts (the Bible) |
| penance (penitent/repent/repentance) | to ask forgiveness for sins |
| theology/theological | the study of religion |
| purgatory | in Catholic doctrine, a temporary "hell" where one pays for one's sins |
| peasant | lower class person who lives in the countryside; a farmer |
| noble/aristocrat | upper class person, usually with a title (the Duke etc) |
| tithe | "tax" paid to the Chruch |
| monastery | where monks live and work |
| urban | city |
| rural | countryside |
| vernacular | spoken language (not Latin) |
| mercantile | adjective form of "merchant" |
| oligarchy | system in which a small number of powerful men or families are in control |
| Pontificate (Pontif) | era in which a Pope is in power (ex: the Pontificate of John Paul II lasted from 1978 to 2005) |
| pagan | related to pre-Christian, nature-based religion |