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Chapter 9
Male reproductive system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bulbourethral glands | A pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra. They secrete fluid into the urethra. Also called Cowper glands. |
| Ejaculation | Ejection of sperm and fluid from the male urethra. |
| Ejaculatory duct | Tube through which semen enters the male urethra. |
| Erectile dysfunction | Inability of an adult male to achieve an erection; impotence. |
| Epididymis ( plural: epididymides) | One of a pair of long, tightly coiled tubes on top of each testis. It carries sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens. |
| Flagellum | Hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile (able to move). |
| Fraternal twins | Two infants born of the same pregnancy from two separate egg cells fertilized by two different sperm cells |
| Glans penis | Sensitive tip of the penis. |
| identical twins | Two infants resulting from division of one fertilized egg into two distinct embryos. Conjoined (“Siamese”) twins are incompletely separated identical twins. |
| parenchyma | The essential distinctive cells of an organ. In the testis, the seminiferous tubules that produce sperm are the parenchymal tissues. |
| penis | Male external organ of reproduction. |
| perineum | External region between the anus and scrotum in the male. |
| prepuce | Foreskin; fold of skin covering the tip of the penis. |
| prostate gland | Exocrine gland at the base of the male urinary bladder. The prostate secretes the fluid part of semen into the urethra during ejaculation. |
| scrotum | External sac that contains the testes. |
| semen | Spermatozoa (sperm cells) and seminal fluid (prostatic and seminal vesicle secretions). |
| seminal vesicles | Paired sac-like male exocrine glands that secrete fluid (a major component of semen) into the vas deferens. |
| seminiferous tubules | Narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes. |
| spermatozoon ( plural: spermatozoa) | Sperm cell. |
| sterilization | Procedure that removes an individual's ability to produce or release reproductive cells. |
| stroma | Supportive, connective tissue of an organ, as distinguished from its parenchyma. |
| testis ( plural: testes) | Male gonad (testicle) that produces spermatozoa and the hormone testosterone. Remember: testis means one testicle, and testes are two testicles. |
| testosterone | Hormone secreted by the interstitial tissue of the testes; responsible for male sex characteristics. |
| vas deferens | Narrow tube (one on each side) that carries sperm from the epididymis into the body and toward the urethra. Also called ductus deferens. |
| andr/o | male |
| balan/o | penis |
| cry/o | cold |
| crypt/o | hidden |
| epididym/o | epididymis |
| gon/o | seed |
| hydr/o | water and fluid |
| orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o | testes, testicles |
| pen/o | penis |
| prostat/o | prostate gland |
| semin/i | semen, seed |
| sperm/o, spermat/o | semen, spermatozoa |
| terat/o | monster |
| test/o | testis |
| varic/o | varicose veins |
| vas/o | vessel |
| zo/o | animal life |
| -genesis | formation |
| -one | hormone |
| -pexy | fixation, put in place |
| -stomy | new opening |
| carcinoma of the testes (testicular cancer) | Malignant tumor of the testicles. |
| cryptorchidism; cryptorchism | Undescended testicles. |
| hydrocele | Sac of clear fluid in the scrotum. |
| testicular torsion | Twisting of the spermatic cord |
| varicocele | Enlarged, dilated veins near the testicle. |
| benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) | Benign growth of cells within the prostate gland. |
| carcinoma of the prostate (prostate cancer) | Malignant tumor of the prostate gland. |
| hypospadias; hypospadia | Congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis, instead of at its tip. |
| phimosis | Narrowing (stricture) of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis. |
| chlamydial infection | Bacterial invasion (by Chlamydia trachomatis) of the urethra and reproductive tract. |
| gonorrhea | Inflammation of the genital tract mucosa, caused by infection with gonococci (berry-shaped bacteria). |
| herpes genitalis | Infection of skin and genital mucosa, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). |
| human papillomavirus (HPV) infection | Infection of the skin and mucous membranes in the anogenital region by the human papillomavirus. |
| syphilis | Chronic STD caused by a spirochete (spiral-shaped bacterium). |
| PSA test | Measurement of levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood. |
| semen analysis | Microscopic examination of ejaculated fluid. |
| castration | Surgical excision of testicles or ovaries. |
| circumcision | Surgical procedure to remove the prepuce of the penis. |
| digital rectal examination (DRE) | Finger palpation through the anal canal and rectum to examine the prostate gland. |
| photoselective vaporization of the prostate (GreenLight PVP) | Removal of tissue to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using a green light laser (laser TURP). |
| transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) | Excision of benign prostatic hyperplasia using a resectoscope through the urethra. |
| vasectomy | bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens. |
| BPH | benign prostatic hyperplasia (also called benign prostatic hypertrophy) |
| DRE | digital rectal examination |
| ED | erectile dysfunction |
| GU | genitourinary |
| HPV | human papillomavirus |
| HSV | herpes simplex virus |
| NSU | nonspecific urethritis (not due to gonorrhea or chlamydial infection) |
| PID | pelvic inflammatory disease |
| PIN | prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia; a precursor of prostate cancer |
| PSA | prostate-specific antigen |
| PVP | photo selective vaporization of the prostate; Green Light PVP |
| RPR | rapid plasma reagin [test]; a test for syphilis |
| STD | sexually transmitted disease |
| STI | sexually transmitted infection |
| transrectal ultrasound [examination]; test to assess the prostate and guide precise placement of a biopsy needle | transrectal ultrasound [examination]; test to assess the prostate and guide precise placement of a biopsy needle |
| TUIP | transurethral incision of the prostate; successful in less enlarged prostates and less invasive than TURP |
| TUMT | transurethral microwave thermotherapy |
| TUNA | transurethral needle ablation; radiofrequency energy destroys prostate tissue |
| TURP | transurethral resection of the prostate |
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