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Cells
Cell structures, energy, transportation, and concentrations
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell membrane | semi-permeable structure, lipid bilayer separates cell from external environment |
| Cytoplasm | semi-fluid substances that holds all cell's organelles |
| Cytoskeleton | network of microtubules to give cell shape and to support it |
| Microvilli | extensions of cell membrane to increase surface area of cell |
| Cilia | hair-like extensions of cell membrane to move |
| Centrosome | used in cell division, spindle apparatus attaches here |
| Centrioles | microtubules that make up centrosome |
| Ribosomes | makes protein |
| Mitochondria | powerhouse of cell, makes ATP |
| Nucleus | control center, DNA located here |
| Nucleolus | inside nucleus, makes rRNA |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | network of membranes there are 2 types |
| Rough ER | has ribosomes |
| Smooth ER | makes lipids, steroids, and involved in detoxification |
| Golgi Body | packs protein and sends them in membrane bound vesicles |
| Lysosome | filled with hydrolytic enzymes |
| Flagella | long, whip-like structure to move, only in sperm cells for humans |
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | primary energy carrier in body ATP-> ADP+Pi+E |
| Amount of energy | corresponds to amount of energy needed to drive biochemical reactions |
| Cells are protected | from excessive energy release that might be damaging and energy squandering is kept to a minimum |
| Passive Cell Transport | no energy needed |
| Diffusion | movement from area of high concentration to area of low concentration |
| Simple Diffusion | unassisted diffusion of small particles or lipid soluble molecules |
| Osmosis | unassisted diffusion of water |
| Facilitated Diffusion | diffusion with help of proteins |
| Active Cell Transport | needs energy and carrier protein, movement from area of low concentration to area of high concentration |
| Bulk Transport | needs energy |
| Exocytosis | substance moves to the outside of the cell |
| Endocytosis | substance moves to the inside of the cell, two types |
| Phagocytosis | solid is moved inside cell |
| Pinocytosis | liquid is moved inside cell |
| Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis | molecules bind to specific receptors on cell surface: binding is very specific only certain molecules will be allowed into cell |
| Isotonic | concentration inside cell is EQUAL to concentration outside cell: no movement of water |
| Hypertonic | concentration outside cell is HIGHER than concentration inside cell: water moves out of cell: cell shrinks |
| Hypotonic | concentration inside cell is HIGHER than concentration outside cell: water moves in cell: cell swells or burst |
Created by:
mchuan
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