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Early US Government
Virginia Standards of Learning for US History to 1865 covering SOLs 7a and 7b
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Judicial | branch of government led by the Supreme Court; interprets laws and decides if laws are constitutional |
| Executive | branch of government led by the President; enforces the laws |
| Bill of Rights | first ten amendments to the Constitution that proved a written guarantee of individual rights (e.g. freedom of speech, freedom of religion) |
| Legislative | branch of government led by Congress; creates laws |
| Virginia Declaration of Rights | document written by George Mason; some ideas were used for writing the Bill of Rights |
| amendment | written change made to a constitution |
| Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom | document written by Thomas Jefferson; some ideas were used for writing the Bill of Rights |
| Constitutional Convention | state delegates met in Philadelphia in 1787 and decided not to revise the Articles of Confederation but to write a new constitution |
| Articles of Confederation | the first constitution of the United States written during the American Revolution to establish the powers of the new national government |
| Constitution of the United States of America | replaced the Articles of Confederation; established a federal system of government based on powers shared between the national and state governments |
| commerce | trade/business interactions |
| common currency | standard form of money |
| constitution | written plan of government |
| delegates | representatives from each state |
| democracy | form of government in which a nation's citizens have ultimate control |
| federal system | structure of government is based on power being shared between the national and state governments |
| Great Compromise | agreement that settled the debate over how large states and small states would be represented in the national government; the agreement led to the creation of a Senate and a House of Representatives |
| House of Representatives | one of two houses of Congress; the number of voting representatives per state is determined by the state's population |
| ratification | required that a minimum of nine of the thirteen states vote in favor of the Constitution before it could become law |
| Republic | a representative democracy |
| Senate | one of the two houses of Congress; consists of two voting representatives per state |
| Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation | a weak national government; Congress had no power to tax or regulate commerce between the states; no executive or judicial branches; no common currency for the new nation; each state had one vote regardless of size |
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ekdixon
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