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Nervous System
HumanBody10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CNS central nervous system consists of | brain and spinal cord |
| PNS peripheral nervous system consists of | the nerves that branch from the brain and spinal cord |
| three types of neurons | sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons |
| somatic nervous system | voluntary portion of the PNS |
| autonomic nervous system (ANS) | The involuntary portion of the PNS |
| Sympathetic | subdivisions of the ANS, which adapts the body to periods of stress or threats and is often referred to as the "fight or flight system" |
| Parasympathetic | subdivisions of the ANS, most active during ordinary, relaxed conditions and is sometimes called the "rest and repose system." |
| Cell of NS | Neurons (nerve cell), Glia (support cell) |
| Neuron parts | cell body, dendrites, axon |
| sensory neurons | transmit impulse to spinal cord and brain from all parts of body. Aka "afferent neurons" |
| Motor neurons | transmit impulses away from brain and spinal cord. Conduct impulse to muscle & glandular epithelial tissue. Aka"efferent neurons" |
| Interneurons | conduct impulse from sensory neurons to motor neurons. Aka " central or connecting neurons" |
| Axon | surrounded by segmented wrapping Myelin. |
| Myelin | fatty substance formed by Schwann cells |
| Nodes of Ranvier | indentation between adjacent Schwann cells |
| Neurilemma | outer cell membrane of a Schwann cell. |
| Neuroglia (glia) | holds functioning neurons together and protect them |
| Glioma | brain tumor developed from glia |
| astrocytes | glia cells, many sizes, star-like, threadlike extension |
| Microglia | smaller than astrocytes, usually stationary. can digest damaged cell. |
| ogliodendrocytes | hold nerve fibers together in peripheral nervous system only |
| multiple sclerosis (MS) | myelin disorder. myelin loss of destruction with oligodendrocyte injury and death |
| neuroma | general name for tumors arising in NS structure |
| white matter | bundles of axons that are myelinated |
| gray matter | unmyelinated axon |
| reflex arc | neuron pathway, innervate muscle contraction or gland secretion |
| receptors | are the beginning of dendrites of sensory neurons |
| effector | muscle or glands that are innervated by a nerve impulse along a motor neuron in a reflex arc |
| organs of the nervous system | brain, spinal cord and nerves |
| Cells that conduct impulses | neurons |
| white matters of CNS | Bundles of myelinated fibers |
| saltatory conduction | action potential seems to “jump” from node to node along a myelinated fiber |
| pia mater | innermost layer of the meninges |
| modulla oblongata, midbrain and pons | three divisions of the brain that make up the brainstem |
| cerebellum | second largest part of the brain, located just below the posterior portion of the cerebrum |
| cranial nerve | Nerves that originate from the brain |
| pairs of spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord | 31 |
| obligodendroglia | glia cell produces the myelin that envelopes the nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord |
| ventricles | large fluid-filled spaces within the brain |
| choroid plexus | Formation of the cerebrospinal fluid occurs here |
| dermatome | Skin surface area supplied by a single spinal nerve |
| The limbic system integrates | emotion |
| autonomic nervous system ANS | subdivision of the nervous system that regulates involuntary functions |
| autonomic nervous system can be divided into | parasympathetic and sympathetic |
| effect of sympathetic stimulation on the blood vessels in skeletal muscles is | dilation |
| cranial nerve responsible for the sense of smell | olfactory |
| Axon terminals of autonomic neurons release | Norepinephrine and Acetylcholine |
| Medulla oblongata | Lowest part of the brainstem |
| cerebellum | Second largest part of the brain |
| cerebrovascular accident | Stroke |
| Neuroblastoma | Affects young children–highly malignant tumor |
| Hypothalamus, thalamus, pineal gland | A division of the diencephalon |
| Hemiplegia | Paralysis of one side of the body |
| synapse | signal transmission from one neuron to next |
| Neurotransmitter | chemical for neurons to communicate |
| PNS | cranial and spinal nerves |
| Meninges | protective covering of CNS |
| frontal lobe | is the motor area and affects the personality, conscious thought, emotions, and memory |
| occipital lobe | affects vision and vision-related reflexes and functions |
| temporal lobe | affects hearing, smell, taste, and memory storage |
| acetylcholine | is a Neurotransmitter |
| Cholinergic fibers | secrete the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (Ach) into the synapse and are located on the sympathetic preganglionic neurons, parasympathetic preganglionic neurons, and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons |
| Adrenergic fibers | secrete norepinephrine (NE) into the synapse and are located on the sympathetic postganglionic neurons. |
| ganglia | AKA peripheral junction box |
| Beta blockers | classification of drugs that block the binding of norepinephrine and epinephrine |
| Voluntary | functionality of somatic nervous system |
| craniosacral system | also refer to as Parasympathetic system |
| thoracolumbar system | also refer to as Sympathetic system |
| hypothalamus | influence the release of hormones of the endocrine system |
| catecholamines | classification neurotransmitters Dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin |
| Thalamus | play a part in arousing or alerting the cerebrum |
| mixed cranial nerve | carries both sensory and motor fibers |
| Somatic nervous system | The voluntary portion of the peripheral nervous system |
| Autonomic nervous system | The involuntary portion of the peripheral nervous system |
| Sympathetic /Parasympathetic | subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system |
| Sympathetic | fight or flight system |
| dendrite | highly branched part of the neuron that carries impulses toward the cell body |
| microglia | cells that act as microbe-eating scavengers in the CNS |
| Schwann cells | cells tha make myelin for axons outside the CNS |
| astrocytes | glia cells that help form the blood-brain barrier |
| obligodendroclyte | cells that make myelin for axons inside CNS |
| medulla oblongata | part of the brainstem that contains cardiac, resporatory, and vasomotor centers |
| pons | part of brainstem that is a conduction pathway between the brain and body |
| midbrain | part of brainstem that contains relays for visual and auditory impulses |
| amines | neurotransmitters that synthesized from amino acid molecules |
| fissures | deepest sulci (groove) |
Created by:
ptenz
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