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Mod 1 Ch 21
Ch. 21 Cells pg. 500 - 510
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell | most basic unit of life. Considered the building block of the human body |
| 3 components of cells | 1. cell membrane 2. cytoplasm 3. nucleus |
| cell membrane | -has receptors that identify cell (lock and key) -helps in communication between cells -regulates movement in and out of cell -some have cilia or flagella |
| cytoplasm | fluid inside cell that contains organelles |
| nucleus | -controls every organelle in cytoplasm -contains chromatin -DNA is contained in chromosomes of the cell |
| Endoplasmic Retuiculum | -organelle 1. rough - ribosomes attached 2. smooth - no ribosomes - responsible for transporting protein |
| ribosomes | -organelle -protein factory of the cell that are responsible for transporting proteins |
| Golgi apparatus | -organelle -tiny flattened sacs that help process and package chemicals in the cell |
| Mitochondria | -organelle -"powerhouse" of the cell, responsible for the production of ATP |
| Lysosomes | -organelle -digestive bags in the cell |
| centrioles | -organelle -small paired rods important in cellular division |
| DNA | -mandatory for cell reproduction -provides the cell's genetic make-up |
| interstitial fluid | makes up empty space between cells |
| cell division | mitosis and cytokinesis |
| 5 stages of Mitosis | 1. Prophase 2. Prometaphase 3. Metaphase 4. Anaphase 5. Telophase |
| Prophase | centrioles have replicated, moved to opposite ends of the cell creating spindle fibers between them |
| Prometaphase | centrioles move to the poles of the cell |
| Metaphase | Chromosomes move to the middle and line up along the center of the cell |
| Anaphase | 2 daughter chromosomes (chromatids) move to the opposite ends |
| Telophase | cytoplasm division occurs and mitosis is completed |
| epithelial tissue | covers the body and lines many parts of the body1. |
| connective tissue | most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body |
| 3 types of muscle tissue | 1. voluntary / striated 2. Involuntary / smooth 3. cardiac |
| nerve tissue | allows rapid communication between various parts of the body |
| 3 types of passive transport (does not require energy) | 1. diffusion 2. osmosis 3. filtration |
| diffusion | - type of passive transport - substance scatters throughout available space |
| osmosis | - type of passive transport - water moves from area of high concentration to area of low concentration |
| filtration | - type of passive transport - requires form of pressure - movement of water and solutes due to hudrostatic pressure |
| 2 types of active transport (requires energy) | 1. phagocytosis (eats) 2. pinocytosis (drinks) |
| phagocytosis | cell engulfs or "eats" solid particles such as bacteria |
| pinocytosis | "drinks" |
| genetics | study of the hereditary make-up of animals and plants |
| genes | made up of DNA |
| Genetic disorders | 1. albinism 2. color deficiency 3. hemophilia |
| albinism | - genetic disorder - congenital but non-pathological disorder -recessive gene mutation causes lack of pigment in hair, skin, and nails |
| color deficiency | - AKA color blindness - genetic disorder - difficulty in distinguishing reds and greens - inherited, sex-linked disorder usually passed from mother to son |
| hemophilia | - genetic disorder - sex-linked disorder in which blood coagulation time is greatly increased |
Created by:
vanstellee
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