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Anatomy Q3
Lymphatic & Immune Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| drains excess fluid from body | lymphatic system |
| main structures of the lymphatic system | lymphatic vessels |
| main components of the immune system | lymphocytes, lymphoid tissue, lymphoid organs |
| excess fluid | lymph |
| _____ _____ collect lymph from loose connective tissue | lymphatic vessels |
| lymphatic vessels carry fluid to great veins in the ____ | neck |
| lymph flows only ____ the heart | toward |
| order of lymphatic vessels | 1. lymph capillaries 2. lymphatic collecting vessels 3. lymph nodes 4. lymph trunks 5. lymph ducts |
| smallest lymphatic vessels & first receive lymph | lymph capillaries |
| collect from lymph capillaries | lymphatic collecting vessels |
| scattered along lymphatic collecting vessels | lymph nodes |
| collect lymph from collecting vessels | lymph trunks |
| lymphatic vessels that empty into the veins of the neck | lymph ducts |
| function of lymphatic vessels | collect excess tissue fluid & blood proteins; return tissue fluid & blood proteins to bloodstream |
| lymph capillaries have _____ permeability | high |
| lymph capillaries have ______ volume of tissue fluid | increased |
| lymph capillaries are located near ____ ____ | blood capillaries |
| fatty lymph | chyle |
| specialized lymphatic capillaries | lacteals |
| lymphatic collecting vessels accompany ____ ____ | blood vessels |
| lymphatic collecting vessels have 3 ____ | tunics (just like blood vessels) |
| lymphatic collecting vessels contain ____ valves | more |
| lymph is propelled by... | 1. bulging of skeletal muscles 2. pulsing of nearby arteries 3. tunica media of the lymph vessels |
| Which tunic helps propel lymph? | tunica media |
| cleanse the lymph of pathogens | lymph nodes |
| the human body contains approximately ___ lymph nodes | 500 |
| lymph nodes are organized in _____ | clusters |
| lymph nodes are located along ____ ____ | lymphatic vessels |
| lymphatic collecting vessels converge to form ____ ____ | lymph trunks |
| receive lymph from lower limbs | lumbar trunks |
| receive chyle from digestive organs | intestinal trunk |
| collects lymph from thoracic viscera | bronchomediastinal trunks |
| receive lymph from upper limbs & thoracic wall | subclavian trunks |
| drain lymph from the head & neck | jugular trunks |
| how many lumbar trunks? | 2 |
| how many intestinal trunks? | 1 |
| how many bronchomedistinal trunks? | 2 |
| how many subclavian trunks? | 2 |
| how many jugular trunks? | 2 |
| lymph duct located at the union of the lumbar & intestinal trunks | cisterna chyli |
| lymph duct that ascends along vertebral bodies | thoracic duct |
| lymph duct that empties into venous circulation | thoracic duct |
| lymph duct that drains 75% of the body | thoracic duct |
| lymph duct at the junction of left internal jugular & left subclavian veins | thoracic duct |
| largest lymph duct | thoracic duct |
| lymph duct that everyone has | thoracic duct |
| recognizes specific foreign molecules, destroys pathogens effectively, and includes lymphoid tissue & organs | immune system |
| key cells in immune system | lymphocytes |
| infectious organisms are attacked by ____ response | inflammatory |
| become plasma cells & secrete antibodies | B lymphocytes |
| destroy antigen-bearing cells | cytotoxic T lymphocytes |
| where are lymphocytes located? | in blood & lymphatic system (in the plasma) |
| lymphocytes originate in the ___ bone marrow | red |
| T lymphocytes travel to & mature in the ____ _____ | thymus gland |
| B lymphocytes mature in the ____ ____ | bone marrow |
| B & T lymphocytes are activated by a(n) _____ _____ | antigenic encounter |
| short-lived lymphocytes that attack immediately | effector lymphocytes |
| lymphocytes that wait until the body encounters their antigen attack | memory lymphocytes |
| basis of acquired immunity | memory lymphocytes |
| most important tissue of the immune system | lymphoid tissue |
| two general locations of lymphoid tissue | mucous membranes of digestive, urinary, respiratory & reproductive tracts & lymphoid organs |
| mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue | MALT |
| MALT | mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue |
| designed to gather & destroy infectious microorganisms | lymphoid organs |
| 5 lymphoid organs | 1. tonsils 2. thymus 3. spleen 4. aggregated lymphoid nodules 5. appendix |
| secretes thymic hormones | thymus |
| location of T lymphocyte maturation | thymus |
| most antigenic challenges occur in ____ ____ | lymph nodes |
| largest lymphoid organ | spleen |
| removes blood-borne antigens (white pulp) and removes & destroys old/defective blood cells (red pulp) | spleen |
| site of hematopoiesis in the fetus | spleen |
| blood cell formation | hematopoiesis |
| simplest lymphoid organs | tonsils |
| 4 groups of tonsils | 1. palatine 2. lingual 3. pharyngeal 4. tubal |
| tonsils are arranged in a ____ to gather & remove pathogens | ring |
| underlying lamina propria consists of ____ | MALT |
| the largest tonsils | palatine |
| tonsils most often infected in childhood | palatine |
| abundant in the walls of intestines | MALT |
| generate a wide variety of memory lymphocytes | aggregated lymphoid nodules & appendix |
| Peyer's patches | aggregated lymphoid nodules |
| located in the distal part of the small intestine | Peyer's patches |
| tubular offshoot of the cecum | appendix |
Created by:
leahmurphy
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