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Science vocab
For final
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Skeleton | your bodies framework, made up of bones and keeps you from just being a blob of flesh on the floor |
| vertebrae | the 26 small bones in the center of your back |
| joint | a place in the body were two bones come together |
| hinge joint | forward and backward movement, ex. elbow |
| ball and socket joint | greatest range of movement, ex. hips, and shoulder |
| pivot joint | one bone rotates around another. ex. neck |
| gliding joint | one bone slides over another, ex. wrist, and ankles |
| ligament | holds movable joints together and is a strong connective tissue |
| cartilage | more flexible than bone and holds joints together like a ligament |
| compact bone | hard and dense but not solid |
| spongy bone | like a sponge with many small spaces in it. |
| marrow | red/ produces red blood cells Yellow/ stores fat |
| osteoporosis | when old peoples bones become weak and break easily |
| fracture | a break in the bone |
| dislocation | occurs when end of bone comes out of its joint |
| sprain | when ligaments are stretched too far |
| X- rays | a form of energy that travels in waves used to detect broken bones |
| MRI/ Magnetic response imaging | uses electromagnets to make a very clear picture of the inside of a body |
| arthritis | disease of joints that makes moving them painful |
| athroscope | when doctors make a small incision and insert a small tube with a camera in it into the joint where it is needed |
| involuntary muscle | breathing and digesting food |
| voluntary muscle | under conscious controll |
| cardiac muscle | in the heart |
| skeletal muscle | the muscle that is connected to your bones that make your bones move |
| smooth muscle | in the internal organs like your digestive system |
| striated muscle | muscles that appear to be banded voluntary muscles |
| Digestion | The breakdown of food inside of the human body |
| Absorbtion | the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system |
| saliva | the chemical that breaks down other chemicals and nutrients in your body. mostly in the mouth |
| Enzymes | proteins that speed up chemical reactions |
| epiglottis | the flap of tissue that prevents food and water from entering your lungs |
| esophagus | the muscular tube that connects your mouth to your stomach |
| mucus | a thick slippery substance produced by the body. aides in lubrication |
| peristalsis | when the food begins to enter the stomach |
| stomach | the place where your body stores food and water |
| small intestine | where chemical digestion takes place |
| liver | produces bile and filters blood |
| gallbladder | the organ that holds bile |
| pancreas | preaks down chemicals such as proteins, starches, and fats. |
| villi | absorb nutrient rich molecules |
| large intestine | readies the last part of chemical digestion for removal through the anus |
| rectum | waste material is readied by being compressed into a solid form |
| anus | where solid waste material is ejected from the body. |
| cardiovascular system | carries needed substances and cells and carries waste products away from cells. |
| Heart | pumps blood through the body. pushes blood through the blood vessels of the cardiovascular. |
| atrium | the upper two blood chambers in the heart |
| ventricle | pumps blood out of the heart |
| valve | flap of tissue that prevents blood from flowing in the wrong direction |
| Arteries | blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
| capillaries | substances are exchanged between the blood and body cells |
| veins | blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart |
| aorta | the largest artery in the body. blood flows from the left ventricle to the aorta |
| Coronary arteries | carry blood to the heart itself |
| pulse | the alternating expansion and relaxation of the artery wall |
| diffusion | process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| blood pressure | the amount of force that the blood exerts on a wall of a blood vessel. |
| Plasma | the liquid part of blood. (90% water) |
| red blood cells | take oxygen from the lungs and brings it too the heart and brain. |
| white blood cells | the bodies disease fighters. They go around the body and target viruses and try to kill them off as fast as possible. Only one white blood cell for every 500 to 1000 red blood cells. |
| hemoglobin | what red blood cells are mostly made of. an iron containing molecule that bonds to oxygen molecules |
| Platelets | Cell fragments that play an important role in making blood clots. |
| lymphatic system | The network of veinlike vessels that returns the fluid to the bloodstream. |
| lymph | consists of water and dissolved materials such as glucose |
| lymph nodes | filter lymph, trapping bacteria and other disease causing microorganisms in the fluid. |
| atherosclerosis | the condition where the artery wall thickens as a result of the buildup of fatty materials |
| heart attack | occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked. |
| Hypertension | high blood pressure |
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