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AP Gov Chapter 10
Chapter 10 Vocab Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Judicial Review | Power of the courts to review acts of other branches of government and the states |
| Judiciary Act of 1789 | Established basic three tiered structure of the fed court system |
| Marbury vs. Madison 1803 | Case in which USSC asserted the power of judicial review! |
| Trial Courts | Courts of original jurisdiction |
| Appellate Courts | Courts that review only the findings of law made by lower courts |
| Jurisdiction | Authority vested in a particular court to hear and decide the issues |
| Original Jurisdiction | Jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first (usually in trial) |
| Appellate Jurisdiction | Power vested in an appellate court to review/revise the decision of a lower court |
| Criminal Law | Codes of behavior related to the protection of property and individual safety |
| Civil Law | Codes of behavior related to business and contractual relationships |
| Constitutional Courts | Federal courts specifically created by the Constitution/Congress |
| Legislative Courts | Courts established by congress for a specialised purpose (court of military appeals) |
| Brief | Document containing the legal written arguments of a case |
| Precedent | A prior judicial decision that serves as a rule for settling subsequent cases of similar nature |
| Stare Decisis | A reliance on past decisions or precedents to formulate decisions in new cases |
| Senatorial Courtesy | Process by which presidents generally defer selection of district court judges to the choice of senators of their own party who represent the state where vacancy occurs |
| Writ of Certiorari | A request for the court to order up the records from a lower court to review the case |
| Rule of Four | At least four justices of the Supreme Court must vote to consider a case before it can be heard |
| Solicitor General | The fourth-ranking member of the Department of Justice; responsible for handling all appeals on behalf of the US government to the Supreme court |
| Amicus Curiae | “Friend of the Court” amici may file briefs or even appear to argue their interests orally before the court |
| Judicial Restraint | A philosophy of judicial decision making that argues courts should allow the decisions of other branches of government to stand, even when they offend a judge’s own sense of principles |
| Judicial Activism | A philosophy of judicial decision making that argues judges should use their power broadly to further justice, especially in the areas of equality and personal liberty |
| Strict Constructionist | An approach to constitutional interpretation that emphasizes the Framers’ original intentions |
| Judicial Implementation | Refers to how and whether judicial decisions are translated into actual public policies affecting more than the immediate parties to a lawsuit |
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