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GOVT 2305 FSG
Final Study Guide for Wade Shol's GOVT 2305
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Agenda | a list of items to be discussed at a formal meeting |
| Al-Qaeda | an Islamic terrorist network headed by Osama Bin Laden |
| Appeasement | A political policy of conceding to aggression by a warlike nation. ex. the Munich Pact of 1938, negotiated between Neville Chamberlain and Adolf Hitler. Chamberlain, the prime minister of Britain, allowed Hitler to annex part of Czechoslovakia to Germany |
| Biennial | taking place every other year |
| Bilateral treaty | treaty strictly between two state parties |
| Bill of Rights | the first 10 amendments of the constitution; ratified in 1791 |
| Business cycles | a cycle or series of cycles of economic expansion and contradiction |
| Capitalism | an economic and political system in which county's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit |
| Civil liberties | only laws established for the good of the community, especially with regard to freedom of action and speech |
| Cold War | political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda and other measures short of open warfare |
| Collective security | the cooperation of several countries in an alliance to strengthen the security of each |
| Communism | a political theory advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs |
| Deregulation | the process of removing or reducing state relations, government regulates certain activies |
| Containment | the action of keeping something harmful under control or with limits |
| Detente | the easing of hostility or strained relations, especially between countries |
| Discount rate | the minimum interest rate set by the Federal Reserve for lending to other banks |
| Electoral college | a body of people representing the states of the US who formally cast votes for the election of the president and the VP |
| Enumerated powers | a list of items found in Article 1 section 8 of the constitution that set forth the authoritative capacity of congress |
| Executive order | an order issued by the president to an executive branch of the government and having the force of law |
| Federal Reseve System | central bank of the US, created by congress to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible financial system |
| Fiscal policy | means by which a government adjusts its spending levels and tax rates to monitor and influence a nations economy |
| Free exercise clause | Section of the first amendment that says: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof |
| Grand strategy | long term plan of essential actions by which a firm plans to achieve its major objectives |
| Gross domestic product (GDP) | the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year |
| Human rights | a right that is believed to belong justified to every person |
| Inflation | a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money |
| Isolationism | a policy of remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries |
| Laissez-Faire capitalism | government leaves the people alone regarding all economic activity |
| Liberty | freedom from government control |
| Majority party | political party that holds substantial influence in a country's politics |
| Medicaid | a joint federal and state program that helps low-income individuals/families pay for long term medical care |
| Medicare | the federal health insurance program for people who are 65 or older, certain younger people with disabilities, and people with End-Stage Renal Disease (permanent kidney failure requiring dialysis or a transplant, sometimes called ESRD) |
| Military-industrial complex | a country's military establishment |
| Minority party | a political party that plays a smaller role than a major party in a country's politics and elections |
| Monetary policy | one of the ways US government attempts to control the economy |
| Moralism | the practice of moralizing, especially showing a tendency to make judgements about others morality |
| Multilateralism | multiple countries working in concert on a given issue |
| Mutually Assured Distribution (MAD) | nuclear strategy agreed to between two sides, decided on an amount together here are no winners |
| Natural law | a body of unchanging moral principles regarded as a basis for all human conduct |
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) | tied to Europe, intergovernmental military alliance |
| Political parties | an organized group of people with at least roughly similar political aims and opinions that seek to influence public policy by getting its candidates elected in office |
| Power | ability to get others to do which they would not normally do |
| Public policy | the principles often unwritten, on which social laws are based |
| Recession | a period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced |
| Redistribution | the transfer of income and of wealth from some individuals to others by means of a social mechanism such as taxation, monetary policy |
| Republic | a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch |
| Socialism | a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole |
| Supply-side economics | theory that holds that by lowering taxes on corporation, government can stimulate investment in industry and thereby raise production which will, in turn, bring down prices and control inflation |
| Tariffs | a tax/duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports |
| Unilateralism | the process of acting, reaching a decision, or exposing a principle unilaterally |
| Veto | a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by law-making official |
| Warsaw Pact | 1955, counter to NATO |
| Jimmy Carter | President of the US during the Iranian hostage crisis |
| Ross Perot | Reform Party candidate who garnered 19% of the popular vote in the 1992 presidential election |
| Mark Twain | Made the statement, "Whiskey is for drinking, water is for fighting" |
| Harry S. Truman | President of the US who ordered the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima |
| Winston Churchill | British Prime Minister during WWII |
| Deep Throat | Nickname of the individual credited for leaking White House secrets to the media during the Watergate affair |
| John Jay | First chief justice of the US Supreme Court |
| Thomas Jefferson and John Adams | First presidential election with clear party candidates was held between these two individuals |
| Abraham Lincoln, James Garfield, William McKinley, and JFK | The four presidents who were assassinated by a gun while serving in office |
| William Randolph Hurst | Media giant who some accuse of pushing the US into the Spanish-American War |
| James Forrestall | First Secratary of Defense of the US |
| Howard Stern | Individual with over half the $5M in fines levied by the FCC since 1990 |
| Reagan Democrat | Name given to democrats who supported the presidental candidacy of Ronald Reagan |
| Keynesian | Influential British economist who advocated for government invention during economic slowdowns |
| 47 | Life expectancy in 1900 |
| 66% | Percentage increase in volume of student loans between 1994 and 2001 |
| 2/3 | Percent of the Senate that must vote in favor of a treaty |
| $1,002 | The amount of the average monthly Social Security check in 2006 |
| Hiroshima and Nagasaki | Japanese cities where the atomic bomb was detonated in WWII |
| $558B | Projected combined Medicare/Medicaid cost for 2007 |
| $340B | The projected cost of Medicare in 2007 |
| $400M | Cost of public education (elementary and secondary) in 2003 |
| September 2, 1945 | Date that Japan formally surrendered to end WWII |
| 1960 | Year of the first televised presidential election debate |
| 1T | Estimated cost of the 9/11 attack by 2004 |
| >66% | Percent of federal budget dedicated to human recourses in 2010 |
| >17% | Percent of federal budget dedicated to national defense in 2010 |
| 1973 | Year the War Powers Act was passed |
| 800K | Size of military manpower reduction between 1987 and 2002 |
| Bretton Woods | Global agreement creating World Bank and International Monetary Fund |
| 1934 | Year the FCC was created |
| 300% | Percent of stock market growth between 1990 and 1999 |
| October 1 | Date each year that a new fiscal federal budget goes into effect |
| 1913 | Year the Federal Reserve System was established |
| 1913 | Year the income tax amendment was added to the Constitution |
| 16th | Amendment to the US Constitution authorizing the federal income tax |
| 15.3% | Percent of income taken from both employer and individual for Social Security |
| 1970 | Year the Environmental Protective Agency came into existence |
| 280 | One lawyer per number of citizen that existed in 2008 |
| 10K | One lawyer per number of Japanese citizens that existed in 2008 |
| 17T | Current federal debt, not including Social Security and Medicare obligations |
| 12 | Number of Federal Reserve bank regions around the country |
| 6am - 10pm | Time frame during the day when "explicit sexual and excretory references are restricted" |
| 1923 | Year the Agricultural Adjustment Act was created |
| September 1, 1939 | WWII began on this date |
| 1936 | Year FDR's Agricultural Adjustment Act was declared unconstitutional |
| 1938 | Year FDR renames AAA the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act |
| 1935 | Year the National Labor Relations Act creates legal protection for unionization |
| Monroe Doctrine | 1832 President Monroe, formal notice that the US would take those actions necessary to prevent European powers from establishing their political influence in the western hemisphere |
| Manifest Destiny | 1845, if the US had a god given right or mandate to settle the territory between the two shores, the Atlantic and the Pacific |
| Truman Doctrine | 1974, a doctrine established by the US announcing that we would provide economic and military assistance to those fighting communist or political pressure, primarily geared toward Greece and other Mediterranean |
| Marshall Plan | purpose of providing economic assistance to European countries hurt by WWII |
| Nixon Doctrine | the doctrine created toward the end of the Vietnam war where the US would provide military assistance, hardware and supplies, to allies fighting an enemy but we would not commit US troops |
| Carter Doctrine | doctrine created as the soviet was invited into Afghanistan in 1979 by the Afghan president, declared the US declares they will fight to defend Persian gulf region |
| Reagan Doctrine | we will provide assistance to anti-communist groups seeking to overthrow pro-soviet governments or soviet backed governments |
| Bush Doctrine | if the US gets the indication that someone is planning an attack on us, instead of waiting for the attack in order to respond, we would attack first |
| 1947-1994 | years that the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) existed |
| 14 years | Length that the seven Federal Reserve Board (FBR) members serve a term |
| staggered terms between presidential elections, nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate | FBR Chair member's terms are |
| 1913, 17th Amendment | Year the US Constitution's amendment that took senatorial selection from state legislatures began |
| 435 | Number of voting members of the US House of Representatives |
| 10 | Number of amendments to the US Constitution Bill of Rights |
| $2.8B | Food stamp cost in 1974 |
| $22.4B | Food stamp cost 1996 |
| $47B | Food stamp cost in 2012 |
| 8 | Number of FDR's US Supreme Court justice nominees on the bench when he died |
| 1796 | Year the current two party system began its domination |
| GAT | World Trade Organization grew out of this trade organization |
| 6 years | Normal length of term for serving in the US Senate |
| Federalists | First political party to form in the US |
| Every 4 years | Frequency of political national conventions |
| **National Education Goals Panel (NEGP) (I am not sure about this answer, I googled it and made an educated guess)** | Name of the federal education program created to establish national standards (voluntary) |
| 1) Dual Federalism 2) Cooperative Federalism 3) New Federalism 4) Judicial Federalism 5) Fiscal Federalism 6) Progressive Federalism | Name 4 of the 6 forms of federalism |
| provide for the gen pop by making a system for the elderly, handicapped, & kids, for public health and the administration of their unemployment compensation laws; to establish a SS board; to raise revenue; & for other purposes | Purpose of the Social Security Act of 1935 |
| Libertarionism, Authoritarianism, Socialism | The 3 types of policy formulation |
| Hard money - heavily regulated money that is donated directly to campaigns of politicians Soft money - not regulated; can be spent however needed | Difference between hard and soft political contributions |
| Reciprocal Income & Residual income | The two general classifications of income security programs |
| the powers not delegated to the US by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people | The statement made by the 10th Amendment of the US Constitution |
| a government program that guarantees certain benefits to a particular group or segment of the population | State the meaning of entitlement program |
| Moralism - acts based on moral Pragmatism - acts based on greater good for everyone | The difference between moralism and pragmatism in foreign policy |
| 1) not paying doctors to be efficient 2) sicker/older 3) new tech 4) tax breaks 5) not enough info to make decisions 6) supply and demand problems 7) hospitals gaining market share demanding higher prices | 4 of the 7 causes for the rising cost of health care |
| ensure Congress and Pres share decisons that may cause hostility before it happens until the military is no longer engaged in such hostilities&2 remove them if Congress hasn't declared war within 60 days; official request by Pres can extend it by 30 days | The purpose and limits applied to the War Powers Act |
| 1) Federal Funds Market 2) Open Market Operations 3) Discount Rate 4) Foreign Currency Operations | The 4 tools used by the Federal Reserve when it wants to implement policy |
| Richard Nixon | President who signed the bill creating the Environmental Protection agency |
Created by:
baileafholmez
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