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Chapter 11

Policy Making: Policy Interactions

TermDefinition
1. Public Policy Is a goal-oriented course of action that the government follows in dealing with a problem or issue in the country. Based on law, but many people other than legislators set them.
2. Public Policy Individuals, groups, and even government agencies that do not comply with policies can be penalized. This process goes through a this series of steps... 1. Recognizing the Problem.. 2. Agenda Setting.. 3. Formulating the Policy..
3. Public Policy 4. Adopting the Policy.. 5. Implementing the Policy.. 6. Evaluating the Policy
Recognizing the Problem Not all disturbing conditions automatically become problems. People have to recognize that government can and should do something about them. For example, citizens may expect government to help hurricane victims through quick relief actions.
Agenda Setting An agenda is a set of problems that government wants to solve. Usually there are so many of them that they must be prioritized. Agenda setting may respond to pressure from interest groups, political parties, the media, and other branches of government.
Formulating the Policy At this stage, usually several conflicting plans from various political interests take shape. Various players such as the president and White House aides, interest groups, and private research organizations, may take part in formulating new policy.
Adopting the Policy Once various plans are presented, one policy is accepted by the decision-makers. Policy is often built in a series of small steps passed over time by different players, and eventually, a complex policy emerges.
Implementing the Policy Most public policies are carried out by administrative agencies in the executive branch, although sometimes the courts get involved in implementing decisions they make. Agencies use many techniques to see that policy is carried out.
Evaluating the Policy Policy makers often try to determine what a policy is actually accomplishing or whether or not it is being carried out efficiently. Often the evaluation process takes place over time with contributions from many of the interacting players.
1. Foreign Policy Goals It is the State Department's job to define and direct it and is goals include... 1. Preserving the national security of the United States.. 2. Promoting world peace and a secure global environment.. 3. Maintaining a balance of power among nations..
2. Foreign Policy Goals 4. Working with allies to solve international problems.. 5. Promoting democratic values and human rights.. 6.Furthering cooperative foreign trade and global involvement in international trade organizations
Containment The United States was guided generally by containment - the policy of keeping communism from spreading beyond the countries already under its influence. With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the U.S. has been redefining its foreign policy.
Main Objective of Foreign Policy The main objective of foreign policy is to use diplomacy — or talking, meeting, and making agreements — to solve international problems. They try to keep problems from developing into conflicts that require military settlements.
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