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muscles
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| fascia | connective tissue located outside the epimysium |
| fibers | single muscle cells |
| myofibrils | a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| acetylcholine | diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal |
| muscle twitch | a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus |
| 10 threshold | the muscle fiber will contract maximally |
| lag phase | time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction |
| contraction phase | time of the contraction |
| ATP | needed for energy for muscle contraction |
| ADP | plus phosphate |
| isometric | the length of the muscle does not change |
| isotonic | the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction |
| origin | most stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| belly | muscle between the origin and insertion |
| 20 synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| prime mover | one muscle play the major role in accomplishing the desired movement |
| sarcomere | extends from one Z-line to another |
| motor unit | a single motor neuron and all the sketeal muscle fibers it innervates |
| action potential | the brief reversal back of the charge |
| A band | extends the length of myosin |
| H zone | light area in the center of each sarcomere |
| elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched |
| epimysium | connective tissue sheath |
| 30 perimysium | loose connective tissue |
| synaptic cleft | space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| tetany | muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| recruitment | increase in number of motor units being activated |
| relaxation phase | time during the which the muscle relaxes |
| Z line | an attachment site for actin |
| oxygen debt | amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose |
| muscle fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster then it is made |
| muscle tone | constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time |
| endomysium | loose connective tissue surrounding fibers |
| 40 actin myofilaments | thin |
| myosin myofilaments | thic |
| frontalis | covers the frontal bone |
| orbicularis oculi | fibers that run in circles around the eyes |
| buccinator | runs horizontally across the cheek |
| masseter | covers the angle of the lower jaw |
| temporalis | fan-shapped muscle overlying the temporal bone |
| platysma | a single sheetlike muscle that covers the anterolateral neck |
| rectus abdominis | the most superficial muscles of the abdomen |
| external oblique | make up the lateral walls of the abdomen |
| 50 internal oblique | deep to the external obliques |
| trapezius | most superficial muscles of the posterior neck and upper trunk |
| deltoid | fleshy, triangle-shaped muscles that form the rounded shape of your shoulders |
| biceps brachii | bulges when the elbow is flexed |
| brachialis | lies deep to the biceps muscle |
| gluteus maximus | superficial muscle of the hip that forms the buttock |
| gluteus medius | runs from the ilium to the femur |
| sartorius | thin, straplike |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| 60 intrinsic tongue muscles | change the shape of the tongue |
| extrinsic tongue muscles | move the tongue |
| sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover |
| external intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
| diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing |
| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
| 70 gluteus maximus | butt |
| quadriceps femoris | extends the leg |
| sartorius | flexes the thigh |
| hamstring muscle | flexes the leg and extends the thigh |
| gastrocnemius and solues | form the calf muscle |
| erector spinae | keeps the back straight and body erect |
Created by:
ashley fischer
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