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Cell1
HumanBodyCH3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cytoplasm | substance exist only in cell. (living matter). internal living materials of cells |
| Main cell parts | Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus |
| Plasma membrane | outer boundry of cell, encloses cytoplasm. 7nm |
| Phospholipids | form fluid framework for plasma membrane |
| cytoskeleton | threadlike structure, cell moving motor |
| cholera | acute intestinal infection characterized by severe diarrhea, cramp, |
| organelle | a specialized part of a cell having some specific function; a cell organ. |
| Ribosomes | tiny particles throughout cell. Make enzymes and protein componds. "Protein factory" |
| rRNA | rebosomal RNA |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | system of membranes forming network of connecting sac and canals, winding back & forth through cytoplasm. Rough & smooth |
| Golgi appartus | tiny flattened sacs stacked on one each other near the nucleus. Sacs fuse with Bubbles/ sacs from smooth ER carry new proteins. "Vesicles" |
| Mitochondria | organelle found in all cells, Two sacs, one inside each other. Energy-releasing chemical reaction. "power plant" |
| Lysosomes | membranous-walled organelles.small sacs in active stage. Contain enzymes digest large nutrient molecules. "digestive bag" |
| Centrosome | region of cytoplasm near nucleus of each cell. Organizing and moving structures within cell. |
| Centrioles | paired organelles within centrosome. Two of these rod-shaped structures exist in every cell. They lie in right angle. Moving of chromosomes during cell division |
| cystic fibrosis | A hereditary metabolic disorder of the exocrine glands, usually developing during early childhood and affecting mainly the pancreas, respiratory system, and sweat glands. |
| Microvilli | cell extension; small fingerlike projection. more surface of plasma membrane, increase in ability to absorb substances |
| Cilia | longer than microvilli, move back & forth pushing fluids along surface |
| flagellum | single projection extending from cell surface. |
| Cell extension | microvilli, cillia. flagellum |
| belie | to show to be false; contradict: |
| Cell nucleus | simple but complex structure; contains most genetic info; controls every organelle in cytoplasm; controls cell reproduction, duplication |
| nuclear envelope | two separate membrane surround cell nucleus. Has nuclear pores permit large molecules into and out of nucleus |
| Nucleolus | dense region in nucleoplasm, for protein formation. Cell makes subunits that form ribosomes |
| Nucleoplasm | cell material inside nuclear envelope. Contains Nucleolus & chromatin granules |
| Chromatin granules | made of proteins around which are wound segments of the long, threadlike ,molecules called DNA |
| Chromosomos | during cell division DNA molecules become tightly coiled and then look like short rodlike structures |
| Body cell DNA molecules | 46 total in nucleus and one (47th) in each of its mitochondria |
| atrophy | decrease in cell size |
| Mitosis | process cell divide to multiply. nuclear division of somatic cell |
| Passive transport process | moving of substances one down a concentration gradient |
| Active transport | moving of substances one up a concentration gradient and requiring energy to do so |
| Cytoskeleton | acts as framework to support the cell and its organelles |
| Lyse | disintegration of a cell |
| Osmosis | passive transport process |
| permeate | to pass into or through |
| Solute | substance dissolved in a given solution |
| crenate | Having a margin with low, rounded or scalloped projections or indentations. |
| tonicity | the state, condition, or quality of being tonic |
| Hyper-, hypo-, isotonic | >0.9%, <.09%, 0.9% NaCI |
| advent | a coming into place, view, or being; arrival |
| ion pump | protein structure in the cell membrane called carrier. Up concentration gradient |
| phagocytosis | movement of cell or other larger particles into cell by trapping it in a section of plasm membrane that pinches off inside cell. ex: trapping bacterial cell by phagocytic white blood cells |
| Pinocytosis | movement of fluid and dissolved molecules int a cell by trapping them in a section of plasma membrane that pinches off inside cell |
| gene | specific segment of base pairs in a chromosome.same pairs different sequence |
| adenosine triphoshate (ATP) | plays important role in energy transfer in the body |
| master code | sequence of different nucleotides along the DNA double helix. |
| Chromosome | any of several threadlike bodies, consisting of chromatin, that carry the genes in a linear order |
| Ribosome | organelle: small & large subunit, free or fixed (attached to rough ER). makes protein |
| rough ER | contains ribosomes, form transport vesicle |
| smooth ER | involved in lipid synthesis |
| Golgi apparatus | package new protein and lipids for transport (secretory vesicle). either excytosis or incorporate into cell membrane. Also makes lysosomes |
| Lysosomes | filled with digestive enzymes, responsible for autolysis of injured cells |
| Peroxisomes | carry enzymes that neutralize toxins |
| Meiosis | produces sex cells |
| Apoptosis | is the genetically controlled death of cells |
| neoplasm | abnormal hyperplasia. mass formed is a tumor |
| membranous cytoplasmic organelles | Mitochandria, Peroxisomes, Lysosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi apparatus |
| nonmembranous cytoplasmic organelles | Ribosome, Centrioles, Cytoskeleton |
| Mitochondria organelle | double membrane, provides most of cells ATP, contain own DNA, RNA |
| Nuclear envelope | double membrane barrier with pores, outer layer continuous with rough ER and bear ribosomes, regulates transport of large molecules in and out nucleus |
| Mitosis stages of nuclear division | Pro-, Meta-,Ana-, Telophase |
| movement CO2 out of cell | Passive Transport |
| Endocytosis, Pinocytosis | active transport |
| Transcription | process inside nucleus, DNA code is copied into an mRNA form |
| Centriole | one of a pair of tiny cylinders in the centrosome of a cell |
| Translation | Synthesis of a protein in cytoplasm by ribosomes |
| Centromere | beadlike structure attaches one chromatid to another during early stage of mitosis |
| Enzymes | chemical catalyst to regulate cell metabolism |
| metabolism | set of chemical reaction occurring in living organism to maintain life |
| genome. | entire collection of genetic material in each typical cell of the human body |
| DNA nucleotide | Sugar (deoxyribose), Phosphate group (PO4), Bases |
| DNA Base | Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) |
| RNA nucleotide | Sugar (ribose), Phosphate group (PO4), Bases |
| RNA Base | Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Uracil (U) |
| Pairing | A-T, C-G |
| smooth ER | structure makes new membranes for the cell |
| Tissue typing | uses information found on the plasma membrane. |
| Smooth muscle tissue | has less ability to regenerate itself after an injury or damage |
| Ribosone | organelle has a subunit made of RNA |
| ideal body fat | M 15 - 18%; F 20-22% |
Created by:
ptenz
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