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Social Studies FCs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. What are the 5 fundamental political principles of government? | 1. Consent of the Governed 2. Limited Government 3. Rule of Law 4. Democracy 5. Representative Government |
| 2. What does “consent of the governed” mean? | People are the source of any and all governmental power. |
| 3: What does limited government mean? | Government is not all-powerful and may do only those things that people have given it the power to do. |
| 4: What does democracy mean? | In such a system of government, the people rule. |
| 5: What does representative government mean? | People elect public office holders who make laws and conduct government on their behalf |
| 6: What does rule of law mean? | The government and those who govern are bound by the law. |
| 7: Which early American document guaranteed the rights of Englishmen to colonists? | Charters of the Virginia Company of London |
| 8: What document was written by George Mason and served as a model/example for the U.S. Bill of Rights? | Virginia Declaration of Rights |
| 9: What document by Thomas Jefferson and served as a model for the First Amendments freedom of religion? | Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom |
| 10: Why is the Declaration of Independence important? | It declared the USA's independence from Britain |
| 11: What was the first plan of government for the United States and why did it fail? | Articles of Confederation; Maintained that major powers resided with the states, provided for a weak central government with no power to tax or enforce laws |
| 12: What is the Preamble and what does it do? | The introduction to the Constitution; to state the reasons for creating the government |
| 13: What is the written plan of government for the United States? | The U.S. Constitution |
| 14: What is federalism? | Power is divided evenly between the state and national governments |
| 15: What are the powers set aside for the states called? | Reserved Powers |
| 16: What happens if a U.S. law conflicts with a state law? | U.S. Law wins |
| 17: What are implied powers? | Legislative powers that are not specifically listed but are used to carry out expressed powers |
| 18: What are powers the federal or state governments may NOT have? | Denied powers |
| 19: What are powers given specifically to Congress in the Constitution called? | Expressed Powers |
| 20: What are the 3 levels of federal courts? | 1. U.S. Supreme Court 2. U.S. Court of Appeals 3. U.S. District Court |
| 21: What are the 4 levels of state courts? | 1. Supreme Court 2. Court of Appeals 3. Circuit Courts 4. General District Courts |
| 22: What is the process for bringing a civil and criminal case to trial? | Civil: Plaintiff files complaint Criminal: Accused is arrested of probable cause |
| 23: What group makes laws for Virginia? | General Assembly |
| 24: What is the lawmaking process? How does a bill become a law? | 1. Introduced by member of Senate or House of Representatives 2. Worked in Committee 3. Debated on the floor 4. Voting on bill by both houses 5. Signing the bill into law by the President |
| 25: What is a veto? | President denies bill request |
| 26: What is the role of a lobbyist? | Influence legislators to introduce or vote for or against a bill |
| 27: What does the executive branch include? | President and Cabinet |
| 28: What is due process and where is it mentioned in the U.S. Constitution? | The Constitutional protection against unfair governmental actions and laws |
| 29: What is the legislative branch of the local government? | General Assembly |
| 30: What positions does the VA Constitution require local governments to elect? | Mayor |
| 31: What is the role of the media in elections? | Familiarizes the public with the candidates, emphasizes certain selected issues, expresses opinions in editorials, political cartoons, op-ed pieces, broadcasts different point of views |
| 32: What are the primary responsibilities of the national government versus the state? | National: Conduct foreign policy, regulates commerce, and provides for the common defense State: Promotes public health, safety, and welfare |
| 33: Describe the national legislative branch. | It makes laws for the country, and amends the U.S. Constitution |
| 34: How does the executive branch influence policymaking? | State of the Union Address, appealing directly to the people, approving or vetoing legislation, and appointing officials who carry out the laws |
| 35: What is judicial review? | The power of courts to review the actions of the executive and legislative branches |
| 36: Which Supreme Court case established the idea of judicial review? | Marbury vs. Madison |
| 37: Describe the system of checks and balances. Give examples. | It gives each of the three branches of government ways to limit the powers of the other branches; judicial review, vetoing, and impeachment |
| 38: What are the qualifications to vote? | 1. They must be a U.S. Citizen 2. They must be a resident of their state 3. They must be 18 years of age |
| 39: What factors determine who is more likely to vote? | Education, age, and income |
| 40: What are PACs and what do they do? | Political Action Committees; raise money to elect or defeat political candidates |
| 41: What are the functions of political parties? | Recruiting and nominating candidates, educating the electorate about campaign issues, helping candidates win elections, and monitoring officeholders |
| 42: How do third parties differ from the major parties? | They introduce new ideas or press for a particular issue; |
| 43: What are the major political parties and how are they different from each other? | Republican and Democrat; they express different views on issues which are stated in the party's platform and stated by candidates in the campaign |
| 44: How has the high cost of getting elected changed campaigning for public office? | It gives better chance for wealthy candidates, |
| 45: Explain how the electoral college works. | The slate of electors for each state is chosen by popular vote during the general election; the electors meet to vote for president and vice president |
| 46: What are magistrates? | An officer of the state |
| 47: What is the difference between original and appellate jurisdiction? | Original: First court to hear the case Appellate: It is appealed from a lower court |
| 48: Who heads the executive branch at each of the 3 levels of government? | President, governor, mayor |
| 49: Who nominates and confirms Supreme Court justices? | Nominates: President Confirms: Legislative Branch |
| 50: What did Brown v. Board of Education say? | It desegregated schools |
| 51: What is our national legislature called? | Congress |
| 52: What does bicameral mean? | Consists of two houses |
| 53: None of the 3 branches of government is stronger than one another due to the system of __________. | Checks and Balances |
| 54: What are the two houses of Congress called/ | Senate and House of Representatives |
| 55: How is representation determined in the House of Representatives? | Population |
| 56: What are the roles of the President and Governor? | Chief Executive |
| 57: What is the name of the Presidents annual speech to Congress? | State of the Union Address |
| 58: What are the 3 branches of government and what do they do? | Executive: Enforces Laws Legislative: Makes laws Judicial: Judges laws and lawbreakers |
| 59: What are the units of local government? | Counties, cities, and towns |
| 60: What is the difference between civil and criminal law? | Civil is a dispute between two parties, criminal is breaking the law |
| 61: Which courts have jury trials? | General District Courts |
| 62: What freedoms are guaranteed by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution? | Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition |
| 63: How are amendments added to the U.S. Constitution? | The proposed amendment must be approved by a two-thirds majority of both houses of Congress and then ratified by three-fourths of the states |
| 64: How can the Constitution of Virginia be amended? | Amending the VA Constitution requires action by the General Assembly or a convention and then ratification by voters of Virginia |
| 65: How does an individual become a U.S. citizen? | Naturalization process |
| 66: What are the steps involved in naturalization? | Complete an application, attend an interview, and pass an English and a civics test |
| 67: What are the duties of citizenship? | Obey laws, pay taxes, serve in the armed forces, and serve in a jury or as a witness in court |
| 68: What is your #1 civic responsibility? What are some other responsibilities of citizens? | Obeying the law |
| 69: How do citizens demonstrate thoughtful and effective participation in civic life? | Fulfill your civic responsibilities and duties |
| 70: What does separation of powers mean? | Powers are separated evenly between branches |
| 71: Which officials are locally elected? | Sheriff, Clerk of the Circuit Court, a Commissioner of Revenue, and a Treasurer |
| 72: Which powers do local governments exercise? | Enforce state and local laws, promote public health, protect public safety, educate children, protect the environment, regulate land use, and levy and collect taxes |
| 73: How do localities enact ordinances? | Elected council |
| 74: How do individuals and interest groups influence public policy? | Participating in politics, expressing opinions |
| 75: Which international issues would require local government officials to act? | Responding to public health concerns, planning for the public safety in the event of an act of terrorism, preparing economic development policies in response to the emerging global economy, implementing policies to protect the environment |
| 76: What are the 3 basic economic questions all societies must answer? | What goods and services must be produced? How should the goods and services be produced? Who should get the goods and services? |
| 77: What does scarcity mean? | The inability to satisfy all wants at the same time |
| 78: Name and describe the 4 major economic systems. | Traditional economy, free market economy, command economy, and mixed economy |
| 79: What type of economy does the United States have? | Mixed economy |
| 80: What are the 5 essential characteristics of the United States economy? | Free markets, private property, profit, competition, consumer sovereignty |
| 81: Describe what choice and opportunity cost mean in the U.S. economy. | Choice: deciding on something Opportunity cost: What is given up when a choice is made |
| 82: Define price and explain how it is determined in the U.S. economy. | The amount of money exchanged for a good or service; the interaction of supply and demand |
| 83: Name and explain the 4 resources or factors of production. | Natural, human, capital, entrepreneurship |
| 84: Define incentives. | something that motivates an individual to perform an action |
| 85: Define supply and demand. | Supply: The amount of a good or service that producers are willing and able to sell at a certain price Demand: The amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at a certain price |
| 86: Describe production and consumption. | Production: Making goods or providing services Consumption: The using of goods and services |
| 87: List and describe the 3 basic types of business ownership in the U.S. | Sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation |
| 88: How do individuals/households, businesses/producers and the government interact in the U.S. economy? | Resources, goods, and services flow between them |
| 89: What are private financial institutions and what do they do? | They act as intermediates between savers and borrowers |
| 90: What is the role of the Federal Reserve System? | The Central bank of the US |
| 91: What is the role of the U.S. government in protecting consumer rights and property rights? | The Government passes laws and creates agencies to protect consumer rights and property rights |
| 92: Which amendment gave the government the authority to tax personal incomes of citizens? | The 16th Amendment |
| 93: How do financial institutions encourage saving and investing? | Private financial institutions act as intermediates between savers and borrowers |
| 94: What are public goods and services? | Interstate highways, postal service, and national defence |
| 95: How do governments produce public goods and services? | They use tax revenue |
| 96: How does the government influence economic activity? | Tax, borrow, and spend |
| 97: How does the United States government promote and regulate competition? | Enforcing antitrust legislation to discourage the development of monopolies |
| 98: Name and describe 3 executive branch government agencies that regulate businesses. | FCC, EPA, and FTC |
| 99: Why do Virginia and the United States trade with other nations? | To obtain goods and services they cannot produces or produce efficiently themselves, to buy goods and services at a lower cost or a lower opportunity cost, to sell goods and services to other countries, and to create jobs |
| 100: What is the impact of technological innovation on world trade? | Contribute to the global flow of information, capital, goods, and services; lowers the cost of production |
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