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Civics Flashcards
Civics Flashcard Project (100 cards)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. What are the 5 fundamental political principles of government? | Consent of the governed, Limit government, Democracy, Representative Government |
| 2. What does "consent of the government" mean? | people agree to be ruled, people are the source of government power. (popular sovereignty) |
| 3. What does "limited government" mean? | government is not all-powerful, restriction/limits by a written constitution. |
| 4. What does "representative government" mean? | the people elect officials to govern them |
| 5. What does "democracy" mean? | Rule by the people |
| 6. What does "rule of law" mean? | all people, including elected officials must obey the law. |
| 7.Which early American document guaranteed the rights of Englishmen to colonist? | Charters of Virginia Company of London |
| 8.What document was written by George Mason and served as a model/example for the U.S. Bill of Rights? | Virginia Declaration of Rights |
| 9.What document by Thomas Jefferson and served as a model for the First Amendment's freedom of religion? | Virginia Statute of Religious |
| 10. Why is the Declaration of Interdependence important? | stated we have unalienable rights all mean are created equal, not a plan of government, take away consent to be govern |
| 11. What was the first plan of government for the United States and why did it fail? | Articles of Confederation: gave states sovereignty created weak central government |
| 12. What is the Preamble and what does it do? | Introduction to the U.S. Constitution "We the people" states the purposes/ goals of government |
| 13. What is the written plan of government for the United States? | The Constitution of United States |
| 14. What is federalism? | division of power between state and national governmet |
| 15. What are the powers set aside for the states called? | reserved powers |
| 16. What happens if a U.S. law conflicts with a state law? | The U.S. law wins |
| 17. What are implied powers? | The legislative powers used to carry out expressed powers |
| 18. What are powers the federal or state governments may NOT have? | that are reserved to the other form of government |
| 19. What are the powers given specifically to Congress in the Constitution called? | Expressed Powers |
| 20. What are the 3 levels of federal courts? | U.S. Supreme Court, U.S. Court of Appeals, and U.S. District Court |
| 21. What are the 4 levels of state courts? | Virginia Supreme Court, Virginia Court of Appeals, Circuit Court, and General District Court |
| 22.What is the process for bringing a civil and criminal case to trail? | arrested, bail, arraignment, and trial |
| 23. What group makes laws for Virginia? | Executive Branch |
| 24. What is the lawmaking process? How does a bill become a law? | Introduce, Work, Debate, Voting, and Sign |
| 25. What is a veto? | Is the denying of a bill turning into a law. The president can either approve the bill or veto it. |
| 26. What is the role of a lobbyist? | seeking to influence legislators, to introduce or vote for or against a bill |
| 27. What does the executive branch include? | The president, VIP, cabinet, is executive departments, regulatory commissions and agencies. |
| 28. What is due process and were is it mentioned in the U.S. Constitution? | 5th and 14th Amendments to the Constitution fair treatment by the government |
| 29. What is the legislative branch of the local government? | County Board of Supervisors, city-council.... |
| 30. What positions does the VA Constitution require local government? | sheriff, a clerk of court, a com-miser of revenue, and a treasurer |
| 31. What is the role of the media in elections? | Focuses Public attention, offering a forum which is opposing view points, holding officials accountable to the public |
| 32. What are the primary responsibilities of the national government versus the state? | National: Conducts foreign policy, regulates commerce, and provides for the common defense. State: promotes public health, safety, and welfare. |
| 33. Describe the national legislative branch.... | It makes the laws, consists of a bicameral legislative: House of Representative (435 members based on population) and Congress (100 members, 2 per state) |
| 34. How does the executive branch influence policy-making? | The president signs or veto a bill into a law |
| 35. What is judicial review? | is an important check on the legislative branch and executive branch. They call if laws are consitutional |
| 36. What Supreme Court case established judicial review? | Marbury v. Madison |
| 37. Describe the system of checks and balances. Give Examples. | each branch checks what each other are doing and makes sure that everything functions |
| 38. What are the qualifications to vote? | Citizen of United States, Resident of Virginia, at least 18 years old |
| 39. What factors determine who is more likely to vote? | Education, age, and income |
| 40. What are PACs and what do they do? | helps with payment for elections stands for political action comity. |
| 41. What are the functions of political parties? | recruit and nominate candidates, education the electorate, helping candidates, and monitoring offices. |
| 42. How do third parties differ from the major parties? | introduce new ideas or press for particular issue. |
| 43. What are the major political parties and how are they different form each other? | demarcates and republicans are the two major parties and they differ because of their platforms. |
| 44. How has the high cost of getting elected changed campaigning for public office? | it requires fundraising, limits opportunities, gives advantage to wealthy individuals. |
| 45. Explain how the electoral college works. | It is used to select president and vice president, they elect on president and the one with the most votes wins the state. |
| 46. What are magistrates? | civil officer or lay judge who administers the law, especially one who conducts a court that deals with minor offenses and holds preliminary hearings for more serious ones. |
| 47. What is the difference between original and appellate jurisdiction? | has the power to hear a case for the first time while appellate has power to review a lower court's decision. |
| 48. Who heads the executive branch at each of the 3 levels of government? | The president |
| 49. Who nominates and confirms Supreme Court justices? | The Senate |
| 50. What did Brown v. Board of Education say? | That separate but equal was not legal |
| 51. What is our national legislature called? | Congress and House of Representatives |
| 52. What does bicameral mean? | having two branches |
| 53. None of the 3 branches of government is stronger than one another due to the system of.... | check and balances |
| 54. What are the two houses of Congress called? | House of Representatives and Senated |
| 55. How is representation determined in the House of Representatives? | Population of the state |
| 56. What are the roles of the President and Governor? | chief of state, chief legislature, party chief, commander and chief. |
| 57. What is the name of the President's annual speech to Congress? | State of Union Address |
| 58. What are the 3 branches of government and what do they do? | Legislative-makes laws, Executive-carry out laws, and Judicial- checks if laws are constitutional. |
| 59. What are the units of local government? | executive, legislature, judicial |
| 60. What is the difference between civil and criminal law? | civil law concerns with parties disagreement while criminal is a act against laws. |
| 61. Which courts have jury trials? | general district courts, District court |
| 62. What freedoms are guaranteed by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution? | religion, press, speech, assembly, petition |
| 63. How are amendments added to the U.S. Constitution? | action by Congress or convection and Ratification from states |
| 64. How can the Constitution of Virginia be amended? | Proposed by General Assembly and Ratification from voters of Virginia. |
| 65. How does and individual become a U.S. citizen? | by birth or naturalization |
| 66. What are the steps involved in naturalization? | demonstrate knowledge of American history and principles and the ability to read, speak, and write words in ordinary usage in the English language. |
| 67. What are the duties of citizenship? | laws, pay taxes, obey, armed forces, serve on jury |
| 68. What is your #1 civic responsibility? What are some other responsibilities of citizens? | registering and voting – communicating with government officials – participating in political campaigns – keeping informed about current issue – respecting differing opinions in a diverse society |
| 69. How do citizens demonstrate thoughtful and effective participation in civic life? | they show by fulfilling their roles of citizens by doing their duties and responsibilities of a good citizen. |
| 70. What does separation of powers mean? | an act of the different jobs of the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate branches. |
| 71. Which officials are locally elected? | by voters of the state or city council members |
| 72. Which powers do local governments exercise? | enforce state and local laws, promote public health, protect public safety, educate children, protect the environment, regulate land use, levy and collect taxes |
| 73. How do localities enact ordinances? | An elected board of supervisors which adopts and annual budget helps enact ordinances along with a town council |
| 74. How do individuals and interest group influence public policy? | Lobbying, participating in politics, expressing opinions, joining interest groups, identifying issues, making political contributions, lobbying government officials. |
| 75. Which international issue would require local government officials to act? | public health concerns in the even to a pandemic, public safety in the even of terrorism, economic development policies in response to emerging global economy, polices to protect wild life. |
| 76. What are the 3 basic economic questions all societies must answer? | What will be produced, Who will produce it, For whom will be produced for? |
| 77. What does scarcity mean? | the inability to satisfy all wants at the same tie because resources are limited. |
| 78. Name and describe the 4 major economic systems. | Traditional, Free Market, Command, Mixed |
| 79. What type of economy does the United States have? | Mixed Economy |
| 80. What are the 5 essential characteristics of the United States economy? | Free Market, Competition, Profit, Consumer Sovereignty, Private Property |
| 81. Describe what choice and opportunity cost mean in the U.S. economy. | Opportunity Cost is given up when choice is made |
| 82. Define price and explain how it is determined in the U.S. economy? | the amount of money exchanged for a good or service, interaction of supply and demand determine price. Price determines who acquire goods and services. |
| 83. Name and explain the 4 resources or factors of production. | Natural, Capital, Human-Resources, and Entrepreneurship |
| 84. Define incentives. | are things that incite or motivate, are used to change people's behavior |
| 85. Define supply and demand. | the amount of the product that the producer is willing to sell the amount of the product they are willing to buy |
| 86. Describe production and consumption. | production- combining resources to make goods and services Consumption- using and buying goods and services |
| 87. List and describe the 3 basic types of business ownership in the U.S. | sole proprietorship, partnerships, corporations |
| 88. How do individual/households, businesses/producers and the government interact in the U.S. economy? | they exchange money, good and services and recourses in a continuous flow |
| 89. What are private financial institutions and what do they do? | banks, credit unions, saving and loans they pay interest on savings accept deposits and make loans Intermediate between savers and borrowers |
| 90. What is the role of Federal Reserve System? | to keep the economy growing at a stable and steady rate. to control the amount of money in circulation bank for banks and U.S. |
| 91. What is the role of the U.S. government in protecting consumer right and property rights? | to regulate businesses by enforcing contracts and passing laws and credit agencies |
| 92. Which amendment gave the government the authority to tax personal incomes of citizen? | 16th admendment |
| 93. How do financial institutions encourage saving and investing? | paying interest on savings |
| 94. What are public goods and services? | goods and services provided by the government for the benefit of the citizens |
| 95. How do governments produce public goods and services? | through tax revenue |
| 96. How does the government influence economic activity? | by taxing and spending, by controlling monetary police, the amount of money in circulation, by promoting competition |
| 97. How does the United States government promote and regulate competition? | by passing laws to discourage monopolies, supporting start up, and global trade |
| 98. Name and describe 3 executive branch agencies that regulate businesses. | FCC- Communications EPA- Environment FTC- Trade |
| 99. Why do Virginia and the United States trade with other nations? | to increase wealth, to obtain products hey do not make themselves |
| 100. What is the impact of technological innovation on world trade? | contributes to the global flow of formatting goods and services and technology |
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