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CNC1 Court Cases
Summary of Court Cases
| Case Name | Summary |
|---|---|
| Marbury v. Madison (1803) | established Judicial Review |
| Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918) | narrowly interpreted Commerce Clause |
| U.S. v. Darby (1941) | broadly interpreted Commerce Clause |
| Lemon v. Kurtzman- Lemon Test (1971) | 3-part test to determine the constitutionality of any government action that involves religion |
| Sherbert v. Verner- Sherbert Test (1963) | 2-part test to determine whether the government has violated an individual's free exercise of religion |
| Miller v. California- Miller Test (1965) | 3-part test to determine if speech can be banned as obscene |
| Schenck v. US- Clear and Present Danger Test (1919) | activities that represent a clear and present danger to security are not protected by the 1st amendment |
| Brandenberg v. Ohio- Direct Incitement Test (1969) | a limit on freedom of speech if it is directed at inciting or producing imminent lawless action or it is likely to |
| Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) | recognized a constitutional right to privacy in marital matters |
| Roe v. Wade (1973) | extended the right to privacy to include a woman's right to an abortion |
| Bowers v. Hardwick (1986) | no constitutional right to sodomy; anti-sodomy laws upheld |
| Lawrence v. Texas (2003) | sodomy is protected by the 14th amendment |
| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | established the separate but equal doctrine that protected radically discriminatory policies well into the 20th century |
| Missouri v. Canada (1938) | 1st case in which the Supreme Court refused to accept segregation and exclusion in public universities |
| Sweatt v. Painter (1950) | began to overturn the separate but equal doctrine in schools of higher education |
| Brown v. Board of Education I (1954) | reversed the separate but equal doctrines; Supreme Court ruled that separate is inherently not equal |
| Brown v. Board of Education II (1955) | the Supreme Court called for desegregation of public schools with all due speed |
| Regents of University of California v. Bakke (1978) | discrimination based on race quotas was illegal and established that race could be considered but the use of a strict quota system was unconstitutional |
| Korematsu v. US- Strict Scrutiny test (1944) | test to determine if action was warranted when related to discrimination based on race, religion, or national origin, or pertaining to an individual's freedoms or rights |
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knittingviola
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