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anatomy final
units 1 - 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Target cells for releasing hormones are in the | anterior pituitary gland. |
| Which of the following might serve as a secondary pacemaker for the heart? | AV node |
| The skeleton of the heart consists of | fibrous connective tissue encircling the atrioventricular orifices. |
| Universal precautions are | specific measures that health-care workers should take to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens in the workplace. |
| Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by | increasing peripheral resistance. |
| Exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands in that exocrine glands | secrete through ducts or tubes to the body's exterior. |
| Marianne has small, bruise-like spots on her skin and a low platelet count. These blemishes are most likely | petechiae. |
| What is the difference between serum and plasma? | Plasma contains fibrinogen; serum does not. |
| Heme released from hemoglobin in aged red blood cells is decomposed in the liver into | iron and the bile pigment biliverdin, which is eventually converted to bilirubin. |
| When the ventricular walls contract, | the mitral and tricuspid valves close. |
| transcontinental flight a middle-aged man gets up and exercises in the aisle, moving his hands, feet, arms, & legs as much as he can. every 2 hrs flight attendant asks him to sit he explains that he is trying to prevent a dangerous medical condition. | deep vein thrombosis |
| Plasma proteins in capillaries help to | maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood. |
| A person warming up after being cold feels a warm rush as blood flows quickly to the peripheral appendages. Nitric oxide is important in this situation because it | relaxes the smooth muscle in the blood vessel wall. |
| Listening with a stethoscope just to the right near the tip of the sternum, sounds come most distinctly from the | tricuspid valve. |
| Oxytocin is administered to women following childbirth to stimulate | uterine contractions. |
| Secretion of insulin causes | a decrease in the concentration of blood glucose. |
| As a result of the general stress response, blood concentrations of epinephrine | and cortisol rise. |
| Which of the following helps return blood to the heart? | Contracting skeletal muscles |
| __________ controls hormone concentrations. | Negative feedback |
| Jerry drinks a few beers and soon has to urinate. The alcohol has | inhibited secretion of ADH. |
| Which of the following is due to an aging cardiovascular system? | The tunica interna thickens. |
| Heparin prevents blood clotting by | inhibiting the formation of prothrombin activator and the action of thrombin on fibrinogen. |
| Irving, who is 78 years old, takes human growth hormone supplements to regain the strength of his youth. He may be disappointed, because the hormone has been shown only to | decrease fat and increase muscle mass, but not improve strength. |
| The correct sequence of parts that carry cardiac impulses is | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers |
| Biliverdin and bilirubin are pigments that result from the breakdown of red blood cells. Biliverdin is ______ in color and bilirubin is ______ in color. | greenish; orange |
| Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system | may have a longer lasting effect. |
| Petechiae are a symptom of | thrombocytopenia. |
| The release of tissue thromboplastin initiates | the extrinsic clotting mechanism. |
| Which of the following waves of an ECG pattern is/are correctly described? | P wave-depolarization of atria |
| Aldosterone promotes the homeostasis of ions by causing the kidneys to | conserve sodium and excrete potassium. |
| Athletes abuse erythropoeitin (EPO) because it | increases the red blood cell supply, which brings more oxygen to muscle cells. |
| Tim runs 5 to 8 miles a day. He has an enlarged heart and low heart rate and blood pressure. He most likely has | a very healthy cardiovascular system. |
| A pulmonary embolism is most likely caused by a clot reaching | a lung through a pulmonary artery. |
| Which of the following correctly matches the valve to its function? | Mitral valve-permits one-way blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle |
| Blood flow to the right side of the heart muscle decreases due to constriction of the _____, and decreased blood flow to the heart tissue can result in _____. | right coronary artery; ischemia |
| Bruce has colorectal cancer that has spread to his lymphatic system. He is given a drug that is an angiogenesis inhibitor. The drug works by | starving tumors by cutting off their blood supplies. |
| Which of the following usually accounts for the smallest percentage of leukocytes in a blood sample? | Basophils |
| Maxwell has a very high metabolic rate, is skinny, and has protruding eyes. These are symptoms of | hyperthyroidism. |
| A steroid hormone acts on a target cell by | directly causing protein synthesis. |
| A hormone is a ______ and the target cell is __________. | molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that has receptors for specific hormones |
| Diabetes mellitus results in | urine with high osmotic pressure. |
| Thyroxine | enhances the rate at which proteins are synthesized. |
| Platelets are best described as | cytoplasmic fragments of cells. |
| Cortisol | stimulates the production of glucose from noncarbohydrates. |
| The secretion of parathyroid hormone is controlled primarily by the | concentration of blood calcium. |
| Which of the following is the correct sequence of parts through which blood moves from the vena cava to the lungs? | Right ventricle, tricuspid valve, right atrium, pulmonary valve |
| In an ECG pattern, the PQ interval indicates how long it takes for the cardiac impulse to travel from the | SA node through the AV node. |
| The proteins that B cells produce that attack foreign molecules are | antibodies. |
| The specificity of hormone action derives from | target cell receptors that are unique for each hormone. |
| The blood pressure in the large systemic arteries is greatest during | ventricular systole. |
| Which of the following is an agranulocyte? | A monocyte |
| A blood clot that forms abnormally in a blood vessel is a(n) | thrombus |
| A primary function of lymphocytes is to | act against foreign substances. |
| Pus is composed of | bacteria, white blood cells, and damaged cells. |
| Water and dissolved substances leave the arteriole end of a capillary due to ____, and enter the venule end of a capillary due to ______. | hydrostatic pressure being higher than osmotic pressure; osmotic pressure being higher than hydrostatic pressure |
| Secretion of glucagon causes | an increase in the concentration of blood glucose. |
| Which of the following is most life threatening? | Ventricular fibrillation |
| Stacy has been tired and bruising easily, and she's had three respiratory infections in the past few months. She has also had headaches and a few nosebleeds. A physician should check her for | leukemia. |
| The basic event in the formation of a blood clot is the change of | fibrinogen to fibrin. |
| Cyanosis is caused by an increased blood concentration of | deoxyhemoglobin. |
| The red blood cells of type AB blood have on their surfaces | antigens A and B. |
| A hormone with an effect that lasts for days would have a | long half-life. |
| Which of the following hormones primarily affects the reproductive organs? | Follicle-stimulating hormone |
| Marjorie suffers from phlebitis. She has | inflammation of her veins. |
| Interferon is a group of hormonelike peptides that cells produce in response to | viruses |
| Cells of the ______ system require a continuous supply of glucose. | nervous |
| A large calorie (kilocalorie) equals the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a kilogram of water by ___ degree Celsius. | 1 |
| ________ provides short-term energy after cellular glucose supplies are depleted. | glycogen |
| _________ initiate(s) a cascade effect in response to foreign proteins in the body. | the complement system |
| Excess potassium | is excreted in urine. |
| Which of the following minerals is important in synthesizing and using ATP? | Magnesium |
| Salivary amylase digests | carbohydrates |
| The epithelial cells that form the inner lining of the small intestine | are replaced every few days. |
| The uvula is | a projection from the soft palate. |
| The hormone secretin | stimulates release of pancreatic juice. |
| Excess calcium in the diet causes | deposition of calcium in soft tissue. |
| The vitamin that functions as part of coenzyme A is | pantothenic acid. |
| The functions of saliva include | moistening, binding and dissolving food particles; beginning chemical digestion of carbohydrates; and cleansing the teeth and mouth. |
| It is good that Emily does not remember being a newborn, because she was miserable, vomiting frequently. An X-ray revealed hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The problem in Emily's digestive system, before surgery helped her, was | overgrowth of muscle that blocked the passageway from the stomach to the small intestine. |
| Sarah eats only dairy, and no meat or eggs. She is a(n) | lacto-vegetarian. |
| Deficiency of vitamin ___ causes osteomalacia. | D |
| Newborns can acquire __________ immunity through breast milk. | passive |
| A triglyceride consists of | glycerol and three fatty acids. |
| The alimentary canal extends, in its entirety, from | the mouth to the anus. |
| Which of the following is true about bile? | Bile is produced by the liver. |
| Which of the following terms is (are) defined correctly? | Adequate diet-diet that provides sufficient energy and essential nutrients for growth, maintenance, and repair of tissues Malnutrition-poor nutrition that results from a lack of essential nutrients Bulimia-binging and purging |
| Enlarged blood vessels of the anal columns are called | hemorrhoids. |
| The supratrochlear lymph nodes are located near the | elbow |
| In the cellular immune response | T cells attach directly to antigens and destroy them. |
| The main part of the stomach is called the | body |
| Heartburn is usually caused by the effects of gastric juice on the | esophagus |
| After lymph leaves the collecting ducts, it enters _____ and becomes part of the ______. | veins; plasma |
| Heart valve cells can be damaged through | autoimmunity. |
| The _______ is the part of the digestive tract that has the most lymph nodules and bacteria. | ileum |
| Stephanie has her cancerous right breast removed, and the surgeon also removes lymph nodes in the axillary region, to prevent spread of the cancer. As a result, Stephanie's right arm | becomes edematous. |
| The fat-soluble vitamins include | vitamins A, D, and K. |
| The condition associated with lack of intrinsic factor and decreased absorption of cyanobalamin is | pernicious anemia. |
| Henry has a cut on his thigh that becomes infected. The lymph nodes in his __________ enlarge. | inguinal region |
| The cells that are primarily responsible for immunity are | lymphocytes and macrophages. |
| Which of the following is not a monosaccharide? | sucrose |
| Foreign particles that are injected into the skin enter the lymphatic system | rapidly |
| The parotid glands are | the largest salivary glands. |
| A virus differs from other pathogens in that it is | not capable of reproduction outside a living cell. |
| A negative nitrogen balance results from a net loss of | amino acids. |
| The tissues turning yellow (jaundice) is due to the accumulation of | bile pigments. |
| The region of a lymph node through which blood vessels and nerves pass is called the | hilum |
| The anti-Rh factor is an example of an | igG |
| Changes in the mouth associated with aging include | thinning enamel. |
| Cells in a lymph node that engulf and destroy damaged cells, foreign substances, and cellular debris are | macrophages |
| Disease-causing agents are called | pathogens |
| Which trace element and function is correctly matched? | Iron-part of hemoglobin molecule |
| Bacteria cause dental caries by | metabolizing carbohydrates in food, producing acidic by-products that damage enamel and dentin. |
| BMR | rises from birth to age five, then declines, then peaks in adolescence, then drops during adulthood. ` |
| Over-the-counter antacids usually include | sodium, aluminum, calcium, or magnesium. |
| Factors that affect BMR are | body size. body temperature. the level of endocrine activity. |
| Which of the following is not a mechanical barrier against microorganisms? | Diarrhea |
| Activities of the digestive system generally increase when it is stimulated by | parasympathetic impulses. |
| Which of the following is part of the adaptive immune response? | Production of antibodies |
| Gastrin, which stomach cells secrete, | increases secretion by the gastric glands. |
| During the defecation reflex, the | diaphragm is lowered. |
| Vanessa takes many vitamin supplements, claiming that they give her energy. She is mistaken, because cells preferentially use _______ for energy. | carbohydrates |
| The two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks are the | thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct. |
| A major step in extracting energy from proteins is | deamination |
| Which of the following vitamins is necessary for producing collagen? | Vitamin C |
| The functions of the lymphatic system do not include | transporting hormones to intestinal smooth muscle. |
| The correct sequence for the layers in the walls of the alimentary canal from innermost to outermost is the | mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, serosa. |
| A sudden inspiration caused by a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm while the glottis is closed is a | hiccup |
| The trachea | is all of the above. |
| an 8-year-old with cystic fibrosis. 30 min each morn & eve holds her body in various positions & massages the lungs to dislodge sticky mucus Arielle spits into a jar. She takes meds an enzyme - that thins the mucus. If she didn't take these measures? | infection |
| A flashlight placed just below the eyebrow in a darkened room illuminates the | frontal sinus |
| The organs of the upper respiratory tract are located outside the thorax. | true |
| Of the respiratory air volumes listed, which one has the largest volume? | vital capacity |
| A sudden contraction of the diaphragm while the glottis is closed produces a sneeze. | false |
| Which of these laryngeal cartilages is single? | Cricoid |
| The right lung has ______ lobes; the left lung has ______ lobes. | superior, middle, and inferior; superior and inferior |
| Which of the following is not a function of the mucus-covered nasal passages? | Cooling exhaled air |
| The events of respiration are | ventilation, external and internal respiration, and cellular respiration. |
| The visceral and parietal pleural membranes are normally held together by | a thin film of serous fluid. |
| The procedure used to directly examine the trachea and bronchial tree is called | bronchoscopy |
| Another word for breathing is ventilation. | true |
| The volume of air that enters (or leaves) during a single respiratory cycle is the | tidal volume. |
| The first event in expiration is | the diaphragm and external intercostal respiratory muscles relax. |
| The inflation reflex is activated when stretch receptors are stimulated during inspiration. | true |
| The left lung is larger than the right lung and is divided into three lobes. | false |
| Which of the following bones does not house a sinus? | Zygomatic |
| The force responsible for normal expiration is supplied by the | elastic recoil of tissues and surface tension. |
| Oxygen plays a minor role in control of normal respiration because | deoxygenated venous blood is 75% saturated. |
| Oxygen is carried in the blood in the form of bicarbonate ions and is bound to hemoglobin. | false |
| Alveoli are kept clean by the action of | macrophages. |
| Which of the following proteins transports some carbon dioxide in the blood? | Hemoglobin |
| Changes in the respiratory system that accompany aging are | all of the above |
| Hyperventilation is usually accompanied by a(n) | decrease in blood CO2 concentration and a rise in pH. |
| The chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are most sensitive to changes in blood concentration of | oxygen. |
| Police stop Richard for driving erratically at 3 AM and give him a breathalyzer test, which he fails miserably because of | the thinness of his respiratory membranes. |
| Gas exchange occurs across alveolar pores. | false |
| The walls of the alveoli are composed of | simple squamous epithelium. |
| The enzyme carbonic anhydrase causes | carbon dioxide to react with water. |
| Coughing reflexes become faster with age. | false |
| The chloride shift | maintains the ionic balance between the red blood cells and the plasma. |
| The partial pressure of oxygen that stimulates the respiratory areas is ___ of normal. | 50% |
| The greatest amount of carbon dioxide transported in the blood is in the form of dissolved carbon dioxide. | false |
| Which of the following factors does not directly affect breathing rate? | pH |
| Carbon monoxide bonds to hemoglobin more effectively than does oxygen. | true |
| "I'm going to hold my breath until I turn blue and stop breathing and die and it will be all your fault!" shrieked the 6-year-old at her father. The child was unable to carry out her threat because | increased CO2 and hydrogen ion concentration and decreased oxygen concentration stimulate chemoreceptors. |
| Increasing blood concentrations of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions have similar effects upon the respiratory areas due to | an increase in carbon dioxide, increasing hydrogen ions. |
| The ventral part of the medulla oblongata near the origin of the vagus nerve has | central chemoreceptors |
| At rest, the kidneys receive about a quarter of the blood coming from the heart. | true |
| The renal medulla is composed of _____, whereas the renal cortex is composed of _____. | renal pyramids; renal corpuscles |
| Which of the following is not a function of the kidneys? | Synthesis of plasma proteins |
| Podocytes and pedicels are part of the | glomerular capsule. |
| A renal corpuscle includes the | glomerulus and glomerular capsule. |
| The efferent arteriole supplies blood to the capillary of the glomerulus. | false |
| Once in the glomerular capsule, the filtrate moves into the | renal tubule |
| A nephron consists of | a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. |
| As a consequence of widespread edema associated with nephrotic syndrome, blood volume | decreases and blood pressure drops. |
| Athletes might abuse which of the following chemicals made in the urinary system to improve performance by increasing red blood cell production? | Erythropoietin (EPO) |
| The detrusor muscle is in the | urinary bladder. |
| ADH increases reabsorption of water from urine into blood by increasing the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts. | true |
| remove a particular substance from the blood. | |
| Females are at higher risk of contracting a urinary tract infection because | the female urethra is shorter than the male's. |
| Inulin and para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) can be used to determine glomerular filtration rate and the rate of blood flow through the kidneys, respectively. | true |
| Marvin goes on vacation to Maine and for a week eats nothing but seafood. The next week, he experiences intense pain in his big toe. He probably has | gout |
| Many hydrogen ions are secreted between the plasma in the peritubular capillaries and the filtrate in the nephron loop. | false |
| The layers of a ureter are | outer fibrous coat, middle muscular coat, inner mucous coat. |
| When sodium ions are reabsorbed through the wall of the renal tubule by active transport, chloride ions are | reabsorbed by passive transport. |
| Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron? | calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra |
| Which of the following is not part of the male urethra? | Ductus deferens |
| A decrease in the glomerular capsule hydrostatic pressure will _____ the rate of glomerular filtration. | increase |
| A by-product of amino acid catabolism in the liver is | urea |
| Glomerular filtrate is similar to tissue fluid in composition. | true |
| Nocturnal enuresis is | bedwetting |
| Up to ______ of urea is filtered and recycled. | 80% |
| Filtration rate in the glomerulus is increased by | both vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole. |
| Kidney cells die as early as age | 20 |
| The hormone ADH promotes water reabsorption through the wall(s) of the | distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. |
| Which of the following does not occur with aging of the urinary system? | nephrons invert. |
| If glucose is not reabsorbed in the tubular fluid ___________ increases. | the osmotic pressure |
| Kidney shrinkage with age is due to | loss of glomeruli. |
| Aldosterone from the adrenal cortex causes sodium ions to be | conserved and potassium ions to be excreted. |
| The ureter extends downward | behind the parietal peritoneum and joins the urinary bladder from below. |
| Autoregulation refers to | maintaining constant GFR. |
| Glomerular filtration produces about ________ liters of fluid in twenty-four hours. | 180 |
| Which of the following is a normal constituent of urine? | All of the above |
| Glomerular filtration produces about 18 liters of fluid formed in twenty-four hours. | false |
| Peristaltic waves force urine along the length of the ureter. | true |
| Barbara has the disease gout. The inflammation and pain in her joints is due to excess _____________ in her plasma, which leads to crystal deposits in her great toe joint. | uric acid |
| An important stimulus for the secretion of aldosterone is | rising potassium ion concentration. |
| Marielle is very thirsty following her tennis game. She drinks for a few minutes, then stops. The stimulus to stop drinking comes from | distension of her stomach. |
| In a healthy body, the volume of water remains relatively stable at all times. | true |
| Which of the following would be most helpful in treating hypocalcemia? | Administering high doses of vitamin D and calcium salts |
| The thirst center is located in the | hypothalamus. |
| Which of the following body compartments is correctly matched with its location in the body? | extracellular-fluid in tissue spaces, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels |
| Thirst is triggered when total body water decreases by as little as | 1% |
| Parathyroid hormone increases phosphate reabsorption from the renal tubules. | false |
| Compared to the average adult male, the average adult female has | less water and more adipose tissue. |
| The ratio of intracellular to extracellular fluids in the body of an average male is | 2:1 |
| Intracellular fluids have high concentrations of | potassium and phosphate ions. |
| The thirst center in the hypothalamus is stimulated by _____ of the extracellular fluid, and is inhibited by _____. | an increase in the osmotic pressure; distension of the stomach by water |
| The greatest output of electrolytes normally is in urine. | true |
| The hormone ADH is released from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. | false |
| A person in a moderate environment would lose the greatest volume of water in | urine |
| A person usually drinks about ____ milliliters a day. | 1500 |
| The hormone aldosterone promotes the | reabsorption of sodium ions. |
| If excess water enters the body, | osmoreceptors in the brain swell. |
| Which of the following most closely represents the percentage of water by weight in an adult male? | 65% |
| Factors that alter water balance will also alter electrolyte balance. | true |
| Respiratory alkalosis can be | compensated for by a decreased respiratory rate. |
| compensated for by a decreased respiratory rate. | amino and carboxyl groups. |
| Acidosis is a pH of arterial blood | below 7.35 |
| Kidneys help to regulate acid-base balance of the blood by secreting OH-. | false |
| A protein functions as an acid-base buffer system by the -COOH group of a molecule accepting H+ in the presence of excess acid and the NH3 group of a molecule releasing H+ in the presence of excess base. | true |
| Sometimes the carboxyl groups of proteins release hydrogen ions. | true |
| Prolonged vomiting, in which only the stomach contents are lost, leads to | metabolic alkalosis |
| Which of the following metabolic processes releases hydrogen ions to body fluids? | All of the above |
| Metabolic alkalosis may be caused by | all of the above. |
| The buffer system in blood is formed by | hemoglobin binding hydrogen ions in red blood cells. |
| Maxwell has just finished a brutal 10 kilometer run. His body has | an increased production of carbonic acid and decreased pH of body fluids. |
| Metabolic acidosis can be | compensated for by an increased breathing rate and depth. |
| Ingestion of too much sodium bicarbonate to relieve indigestion may lead to | metabolic alkalosis. |
| Acid-base buffers are the first line of defense against shifts in pH because | they are fast |
| Meiosis is necessary because | otherwise the fertilized ovum will have too much genetic material. |
| Synapsis occurs during | prophase I. |
| The gubernaculum guides the testis through the ________ canal. | inguinal |
| The number of sperm cells in an ejaculate averages | about 120 million per milliliter. |
| The average length of the epididymis is | 6 meters. |
| Sperm cells mature in the | epididymides. |
| Undifferentiated spermatogenic cells are called | spermatogonia. |
| Which of the following correctly describes an erection? | Parasympathetic neurons release nitric oxide causing dilation of small arteries in the penis. |
| The prostate gland is the size and shape of a | walnut or chestnut. |
| The hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics is | testosterone. |
| Male secondary sex characterisitics include | all of the above. |
| The level of testosterone in the blood is increased by | LH causing the interstitial cells to release testosterone. |
| The tubular part of the uterus that extends downward into the upper vagina is the | cervix |
| The zona pellucida consists of | glycoprotein |
| Which of the following terms is/are correctly defined? | All of the above |
| The female structure that corresponds to the male penis is the | clitoris |
| The hormone mainly responsible for the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics is | estrogen |
| Signs of menopause include | shrinking of the vagina, uterus, and breasts. |
| In the reproductive cycle, estrogen _____, whereas progesterone _____. | stimulates uterine wall development; stimulates the uterine lining to become more glandular |
| A woman going through menopause may take ______ to minimize the symptoms. | hormone replacement therapy |
| The glands in a lobe of a breast | drain into alveolar ducts, which drain into a lactiferous duct that leads to the nipple. |
| The most commonly used oral contraceptives contain | synthetic estrogen and progesterone. |
| Which of the following is (are) forms of contraception? | All of the above |
| Oral contraceptives may cause | all of the above. |
| Human prenatal development takes ___ weeks. | 38 |
| Fertilization usually occurs in the | uterine tube. |
| An enzyme that sperm secretes that is important for egg penetration is | hyaluronidase |
| Embryonic stem cells are derived from the | inner cell mass of the blastocyst. |
| Compared to adult hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin | binds oxygen more readily. |
| The fetus is protected from certain infections, to which the mother is immune, by | antibodies from the mother's immune system. |
| The hormone measured in a pregnancy test is | hCG. |
| The ductus venosus is a fetal vessel that transports blood from the umbilical vein to the | inferior vena cava. |
| As a result of the foramen ovale, blood is allowed to bypass the | lungs |
| The placenta is composed of tissues from the | mother and embryo. |
| The external genitalia of the fetus can be distinguished as male or female by about ___ weeks after fertilization. | 12 |
| A blastomere is a _____ and a blastocyst is _____. | cell produced by cleavage; a hollow ball of cells |
| The major body part(s) derived from ectoderm is/are | nervous system and skin. |
| The placenta allows | oxygen and nutrients to diffuse from maternal blood to the embryo. |
| Amniotic fluid | protects the embryo against being jarred by movements. |
| The term newborn refers to the period from birth through _____, whereas the term infant refers to the period from _____. | the first four weeks; the first month to 1 year |
| Following birth, the infant's metabolic rate | increases and its oxygen consumption increases. |
| After birth, the foramen ovale is closed as a result of | increasing pressure in the left atrium. |
| Fetal hemoglobin becomes largely replaced with adult hemoglobin | from 4 months after birth. |
| Which of the following is not a characteristic of childhood? | Becoming reproductively functional |
| The period of preactive dying takes | up to three months. |
| Passive aging is | a breakdown of structures and slowing of functions. |
| Human life span is ___ years. | 120 |
| The two types of information needed to predict the inheritance pattern of a trait are | the way genes are distributed in meiosis and the way that they come together when sperm joins egg. |
| A karyotype is | a size-ordered chart of chromosomes. |
| Identical alleles are said to be | homozygous |
| The genotypes and phenotypes that result from a cross of AA and Aa (A = normal pigmentation and a = albinism) are | phenotypes-all normal; genotypes-50% homozygous dominant and 50% heterozygous. |
| phenotypes-all normal; genotypes-50% homozygous dominant and 50% heterozygous. | phenotypes-75% normal and 25% albino; genotypes-25% homozygous dominant and 50% heterozygous and 25% homozygous recessive. |
| An individual who is homozygous dominant for a trait can be symbolized | AA |
| An offspring of parents whose genotypes are Aa and Aa may be | AA, Aa, or aa. |
| In incomplete dominance, | the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between that of either homozygote. |
| von Willebrand disease, is either autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant, clotting time slows & the person bruises & bleeds easily. Not every1 who inherits the disease geneotype develops the phenotype. individuals hv differing degree in clotting blood | incompletely penetrant, variably expressive, and genetically heterogeneic. |
| The nuances of eye color arise from | the way pigments are deposited in the iris. |
| A bell curve is characteristic of the distribution of phenotypes of a multifactorial trait because | the phenotypes at the ends of the curve correspond to fewer genotypes than the phenotypes at the middle of the distribution. |
| The approximate number of protein-encoding genes on the Y chromosome is | 231. |
| Antonio is colorblind. His partner Emilia is not colorblind nor is she a carrier (heterozygote) for colorblindness. The offspring of this couple would | all have normal color vision. |
| In genomic imprinting | the same allele has a different effect if inherited from the mother or father. |
| The chemical group that binds to DNA causing genomic imprinting is | methyl. |
| Cells from a woman with Turner syndrome have | only one X chromosome. |
| A human cell with 46 chromosomes is | euploid. |
| A human cell that has 69 chromosomes is | triploid |
| If a Y-bearing sperm fertilizes an XX egg, the resulting individual would be | a male with XXY syndrome. |
| Ultrasound and maternal serum marker tests are less informative than amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in diagnosing trisomy 21 because | ultrasound and maternal serum markers do not check chromosomes and CVS and amniocentesis do. |
| Which of the following prenatal tests is non-invasive? | Ultrasound |
| Gene expression profiling | detects the mRNAs present in a particular cell type under particular conditions. |
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