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Female Genetalia
WVSOM -- CS1 -- Female Genetalia tips for success
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Muscles of vagina | Pubovaginalis ,External urethral sphincter, Urethrovaginal sphincter,Bulbospongiosus |
| Blood supply of the vagina | Branches from the uterine arteries, Vaginal arteries & Internal pudendal arteries, Uterovaginal venous plexus |
| First sign of puberty | breast buds |
| When is pubic hair growth? | age 8-14 |
| When does menarche start? | breast tanner stage 3 or 4; ages 9-16 |
| What are menstrual cycles like for first 2 years? | common for irregularity |
| During physical exam when is inspection and palpation done? | at the same time |
| What is observed during general inspection? | Symmetry, skin lesions, hair distribution, labia major, labia minor |
| What kind of skin lesions are you looking for? | HSV, HPV, syphilis, Lymphogranuloma venereum, dermatitis and other malignancies |
| What do you inspect labia minora for? | Skene and Bartholin glands, clitoris, urethral orifice, perineum, vaginal introitus |
| What do you inspect the labia majora for? | , swelling, color, tenderness, Bartholin gland abcess/cyst, rash, lesions |
| What do you use for lubrication? | water |
| What angle to you enter vagina at? | 45 degrees |
| What are you going to examine on internal exam? | note the color, ectropion, lesions, discharge, and position |
| What is ectropion? | shiny red color ot tissue around the cervical os that bleeds easily |
| What does cervical os look like? | small and round in a nulliparous woman; horozontal slit-like in a parous woman |
| What is normal position of the cervix? | anteverted and anteflexed |
| What is Chadwick’s Sign? | blueish color to the cervix and may indicate pregnancy |
| What is primary screening test for cervical cancer? | PAP smear |
| What is a cervical broom? | collects both endocervical and ectocervical cells |
| What cells are collected during pap smear? | endocervical and ectocervical cells are collected |
| What is the precursor lesion for cervical cancer? | Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia |
| What is Colposcopy? | follow up for diagnosis after an abnormal pap smear |
| What is metrorrhagia? | irregular noncyclic intervals |
| What is oligomenorrhea? | interval > 35 days |
| What is polymenorrhea/hypermenorrhea? | interval < 21 days |
| What is PMB? | post menopausal bleeding |
| What is leucorrhea? | vaginal discharge |
| What is menorrhagus? | excessive bleeding +/or prolonged |
| What is Menometrorrhagia? | increased bleeding betwee3n cycles |
| What are the characteristics of normal physiologic discharge? | white, no oddor, nonhomogeneus consistency and normal cervix |
| What are the characteristics of bacterial vaginosis? | gray, fishy odor, homogenous consistency and normal cerivix |
| What are the characteristics of trichomonas? | grayish yellow, fishy odor, purulent consistency with bubbles and cervix may show red spots |
| What are the characteristics of candida? | white, fishy odor, cottage cheese consistency with patches of discharge |
| What are characteristics of gonococcal? | greenish yellow, no odor, nucopurulent consistency with pus in the os |
| How often should PAP and pelvic exams be done? | yearly at 21 or first sexual encounter after 3 negative exams may decrease pap smears to every 2-3 years after 3 negative tests. Always do a yearly pelvic exam!!!! |
| What virus causes cervical cancer? | HPV |
| What is the vaccine for HPV? | gardasil |
| What are the risk factors for cervical cancer? | Sexually Transmitted Disease (especially HPV, which is by far the most significant!), Early age of First Coitus (<15 years), Smoking, |
| What are endometrum cancer risk factors? | Postmenopausal, Late Menopause (>52 years), Early Menarche (<12 years), Low Parity, Liver disease, Personal history of hypertension or diabetes, Obesity, Endometrial hyperplasia, Family history of breast, colon, or uterine cancer |
| What are ovarian cancer risk factors? | Nulliparity, Endometriosis, Ovarian dysfunction, Spontaneous abortion, Exposure to talc or asbestos, Irradiation of pelvic organs, Anovulation, Breast or endometrial cancer, Family history of ovarian/breast cancer with BRCA1/BRCA2 genetic markers |
| How do you do a bimanual exam? | Insert 2 fingers full length into the vagina, Palpate cervix – assess size, shape, consistency, and mobility, Palpate fundus of the uterus – assess size, shape, and consistency, Palpate Uterine Tubes and Ovaries |
| What are the characteristics of the fundus? | pear shaped 5-8 cm in length |
| Where is the fundus located? | usually at the level of the pubis |
| Where is fundus at 12 weeks pregnancy? | just above pubes |
| Where is fundus at 20 weeks? | fundus at level of the umbilicus |
| What is done in rectal exam? | inspect anal sphincter and rectal walls and perform a hemocult |
| FDLMP | First day of last menstrual period |
| What is EDC? | Estimated date of confinement |
| What is FPAL? | Full-term, Pre-term, Abortions, Living |
| What is gravida? | how many times pregnant |
| What is para? | how many live births |
| G3P2 | 3 pregnancies and 2 live births |
| G3P(3002) | pregnancies, 3 full term deliveries, but only 2 children are still living |
| G2P(1011) | 2 pregnancies, 1 full term delivery, 1 abortion/miscarriage, and 1 child living |
| G1P(0202) | 1 pregnancy, 2 pre-term deliveries, and 2 living children [twins:)] |
| What is normal uterine bleeding? | Interval between periods should be between 21-37 days |
| What is length of normal period? | 3-7 days |
| When may spotting occur? | Spotting may occur 1-2 days after period |
| Dysmenorrhea - | painful periods |
| Metrorrhagia – | Irregular noncyclic intervals |
| Oligomenorrhea – | Interval >37 days |
| Polymenorrhea/Hypermenorrhea – | Interval <21 days |
| Menorrhagia or Menorrhagis – | Excessive bleeding and/or prolonged bleeding |
| Menometrorrhagia – | Increased bleeding between cycles as well as heavier periods |
Created by:
tjamrose
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