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Q1 Anatomy
Cells: The Living Units
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The smallest living units in our bodies | Cells |
| "Little organs" that carry on essential functions of cells | Organelles |
| Direct chemical reactions in cells, Biological catalysts that speed up all of the chemical reactions that take place in a cell | Enzymes |
| The sum of all chemical reactions in the cell | Metabolism |
| The main components of a cell (3) | Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus |
| The components of a plasma membrane (3) | Lipid bilayer, Integral proteins, Peripheral proteins |
| The function of the plasma membrane | Provides a barrier against substances outside the cell |
| Molecules move from a region where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated | Simple Diffusion |
| The simple diffusion of water across a membrane, Water moves from a higher concentration to a lower concentration | Osmosis |
| The mechanism by which particles enter cells | Endocytosis |
| "Cell Eating," Defense mechanism of the host, Many white blood cells carry out this function | Phagocytosis |
| "Cell Drinking," Many cells of the digestive system will use this process to sample the nutrients of the tissue fluid | Pinocytosis |
| The mechanism that moves substances out of the cell, Secretory cells will use this process | Exocytosis |
| The substance that lies internal to the plasma membrane, Consists of cytosol, organelles and inclusions | Cytoplasm |
| Jelly-like fluid in which other cellular elements are suspended, Consists of water, ions and enzymes | Cytosol |
| An organelle constructed of proteins and ribosmoal RNA (rRNA), Site of protein synthesis | Ribosomes |
| The organelle with ribosomes "studding" the external surfaces, Produces proteins and stores ionic calcium | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) |
| The organelle that consists of tubules, Site of lipid metabolism and stores ionic calcium | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) |
| The organelle referred to as the "post office" of the cell, Sorts products of rough ER and sends them to the proper destination | Golgi Apparatus |
| The organelle referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell, Generates most of the cell's energy (ATP) | Mitochondria |
| The organelle that digests unwanted substances, Membrane-walled sacs containing digestive enzymes | Lysosomes |
| The organelle that breaks down long chains of fatty acids, Membrane- walled sacs of oxidase and catalase enzymes | Peroxisomes |
| The organelle referred to as the "cell skeleton," Serves as the cell's bones, muscles and ligaments | Cytoskeleton |
| The control center and genetic information of the cell | Nucleus |
| "Little nucleus," Center of the nucleus | Nucleolus |
| Tissue that covers the surface of the body or lines a body cavity, Forms most glands | Epithelial Tissue |
| The functions of the epithelium (5) | Protection, Absorption, Secretion, Ion transport, Filtration |
| Tissues with one layer of cells | Simple Tissues |
| Tissues with more than one layer of cells | Stratified Tissues |
| Tissues with cells that are wider than tall (plate-like) | Squamous |
| Tissues with cells that are as wide as tall (cubes) | Cuboidal |
| Tissues with cells that are taller than they are wide (pillar-like) | Columnar |
| Ducts that carry proteins of exocrine glands to epithelial surface or to a body cavity | Exocrine Glands |
| Ductless glands that secrete substances directly into the bloodstream, Produces hormones | Endocrine Glands |
Created by:
amber.whalen
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