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Q1 Anatomy
The Human Body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The study of the structure of the human body | Anatomy |
| The study of the function of the human body | Physiology |
| The study of structural changes in cells, tissues and organs caused by disease | Pathological Anatomy |
| The study of organs with related functions | Systemic Anatomy |
| The study of structures in a single region | Regional Anatomy |
| The study of shapes and markings on the surface of the body that reveal underlying organs | Surface/Topographical Anatomy |
| The Hierarchy of Structural Organization (smallest to largest) | Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism |
| A common visual reference point in which a person stands erect, with feet together, eyes forwards, palms facing anteriorly and thumbs pointed away from the body | Anatomical Position |
| Terminology referring to the body in the anatomical position | Directional Terminology |
| Names specific to body areas | Regional Terms |
| The main axis of the body (head, neck, trunk, etc.) | The Axial Region |
| The limbs, parts of the body outside of the axial region | The Appendicular Region |
| Toward the head end or upper part of a structure, Above | Superior |
| Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure, Below | Inferior |
| Toward or at the front of the body, In front of | Anterior |
| Toward or at the back of the body, Behind | Posterior |
| Toward or at the midline of the body | Medial |
| Away from the midline of the body | Lateral |
| Between a more medial and lateral surface | Intermediate |
| Closer to the origin of the body part | Proximal |
| Farther from the origin of the body part | Distal |
| Toward or at the body surface, More external | Superficial |
| Away from the body surface, More internal | Deep |
| The plane that lies vertically and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts | Coronal/Frontal Plane |
| The plane that runs horizontally and divides the body into superior and inferior parts | Transverse Plane |
| The plane that lies vertically down the midline of the body and divides it into two halves | Median/Midsagittal Plane |
| The plane that lies vertically down the body, Not through midline | Sagittal |
| Term that refers to the left half of the body as a "mirror image" of the right half | Bilateral Symmetry |
| The parts of the dorsal body cavity (2) | Cranial Cavity and Vertebral Cavity |
| The cavity that lies in the skull and encases the brain | Cranial Cavity |
| The cavity that runs through the vertebral column and encloses the spinal cord | Vertebral Cavity |
| The cavity that contains lungs and is surrounded by a pleural cavity | Thoracic Cavity |
| The cavity that contains the heart, esophagus and trachea and is surrounded by the pericardial cavity | Mediastinum |
| The cavity that contains the liver, stomach, kidneys and other organs | Abdominal Cavity |
| The cavity that contains the bladder, some reproductive organs and rectum | Pelvic |
| The cavity lined by a serous membrane | Serous Cavities |
| The study of the body structures that can be viewed by the naked eye | Gross Anatomy |
| The study of body structures that are viewed with a microscope | Microscopic Anatomy |
| The study of tissues | Histology |
| The study of cells | Cytology |
| The study of joints | Arthrology |
| Term that describes when body functions work all together | Homeostasis |
| The smallest living units of structure and function in the human body | Cells |
| An organization of many cells that act together to perform a common function | Tissues |
| A group of several kinds of tissues arranged in a way that allow them to act as a unit to perform a special function | Organs |
| An organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs that can work together to perform complex functions | Systems |
| Degenerative process that results from disuse | Atrophy |
| Phrenic Muscle | Diaphram |
| Regional Term: Cervical | Neck |
| Regional Term: Acromial | Point of Shoulder |
| Regional Term: Antecubital | Front of Elbow |
| Regional Term: Antebrachial | Forearm |
| Regional Term: Pollex | Thumb |
| Regional Term: Patellar | Anterior Knee |
| Regional Term: Tarsal | Ankle |
| Regional Term: Orbital | Eye |
| Regional Term: Buccal | Cheek |
| Regional Term: Mental | Chin |
| Regional Term: Sternal | Breastbone |
| Regional Term: Thoracic | Chest |
| Regional Term: Umbilical | Navel |
| Regional Term: Inguinal | Groin |
| Regional Term: Femoral | Thigh |
| Regional Term: Hallux | Great Toe |
| Regional Term: Vertebral | Spinal Column |
| Regional Term: Olecranal | Back of Elbow |
| Regional Term: Sacral | Between Hips |
| Regional Term: Popliteal | Back of Knee |
| Regional Term: Plantar | Sole |
Created by:
amber.whalen
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