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Chapter 2
Origins of American Government
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| limited government | the idea that government is restricted in what it may do and that every individual has certain rights that government cannot remove |
| representative government | the idea that government should both serve and be guided by the will of the people |
| Magna Carta | the Great Charter signed in 1215 that limited the powers of the English king and guaranteed certain fundamental right |
| due process | protection against the unjust taking of life, liberty, or property |
| Petition of Right | a document signed in 1628 that required the English king to obey the law of the land and increased the influence of Parliament |
| English Bill of Rights | a document signed in 1689 that required free elections and guaranteed many basic rights, such as due process and trial by jury, to all English citizens |
| charter | a written grant of authority from the king |
| bicameral | having two houses, as in a two-house legislature |
| proprietary | the name given to colonies organized and governed according to the will of a proprietor, a person granted land and authority by the king |
| unicameral | having only one house, as in a one house legislature |
| confederation | a joining of several different groups for a common purpose |
| Albany Plan of Union | Benjamin Franklin’s proposal that the 13 colonies form a congress to raise armed forces, regulate trade, and deal jointly with Native Americans |
| delegate | a representative |
| popular sovereignty | the principle that government exists only with the consent of the governed |
| Articles of Confederation | the agreement, effective in 1781, that established the first central government of the United States |
| ratification | formal approval of a proposal |
| Framers | the individuals who attended the Philadelphia Convention |
| Virginia Plan | a plan offered at the Convention that called for a central government with three branches, with each state’s representation in a bicameral legislature based mainly on population |
| New Jersey Plan | a plan calling for a central government with a unicameral legislature and equal representation of all the states. |
| Connecticut Compromise | an agreement to divide Congress into two houses, one with representation based on state population and one with equal representation for all states |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | an agreement to count each slave as three fifths of a person when determining state population |
| Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise | an agreement forbidding Congress from taxing state exports or interfering with the slave trade for at least 20 years |
| Federalist | a person favoring ratification of the proposed U.S. Constitution |
| Anti-Federalist | a person opposing ratification of the proposed U.S. Constitution |
| Federalist Papers | influenced many Americans to support the Constitution, were written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, all using the pen name, Publius |
| Essays by “Brutus” | Anti-Federalist writings by Robert Yates of New York |
| Essay by “The Federal Farmer” | Anti-Federalist writings by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia |
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Room 211
Popular American Government sets