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A&P2 Ch18:Heart&CV
Heart and Cardiovascular System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mediastinum | Location of the heart; Also contains great vessels, thymus, & esophagus |
| Pericardial Cavity | The Heart is surrounded by serous, fluid-filled, space called... |
| Pericardial Cavity | Acts as a lubricant to reduce friction as the heart beats |
| Pericarditis | Infection of inflammation of the pericardium |
| Cardiac Tamponade | Accumulation of additional fluids that restrict movements of the heart |
| Endocardium | Simple squamous layer of heart wall; underlying areolar CT |
| Myocardium | Cardiac muscle tissue; Wrap atria & encircle great vessels at top of heart |
| Epicardium | Covers surface of heart; aka Visceral Pericardium |
| Pericardial Sac | Fibrous & areolar CT lined by parietal pericardium |
| Cardiac Muscle Fibers | Striated alignments of sarcomeres; Single nucleus; Intercalated discs |
| Intercalated Discs | Specialized connections; Strong connections made by desosomes; Contains Gap Junctions |
| Desosomes | Strong intercellular connection |
| Gap Junctions | Passes electrical impulses from cell to cell so cells can work in unison |
| L & R Atria L & R Ventricles | The 4 chambers of the heart?... |
| L & R Atria | Receives blood returning to the heart; Thin walled |
| L & R Ventricle | Contract to push blood from heart to arteries |
| Septa | General term to divide the heart into L & R sides |
| Interatrial Septum | The division between the L & R Atria |
| Interventricular Septum | The division between the L & R Ventricle |
| R Atrium | Receives Deoxygenated blood from systemic circuit |
| L Atrium | Receives oxygenated blood from pulmonary circuit |
| Coronary Sulcus | Deep, fat-filled groove that divides between atria and ventricles |
| Ligamentum Arteriosum | Remnant of fetal connection between aorta and pulmonary trunk |
| Coronary Sinus | Holds blood pushed out of myocardium during ventricular systole, the returns blood to the R. Atrium |
| Ventricular systole(contraction) > Aorta distends as blood is ejected by the L. Ventricle > Ventricle relaxes > Aorta decreases in pressure and walls recoil > Elastic rebound of aorta pushes blood through systemic circulation. | Describe Coronary Circulation |
| Semilunar Valves | Prevents backflow of blood to ventricles from aorta & pulmonary trunk during ventricular diastole (relaxation) |
| Atrioventricular Valves | Prevents backflow of blood during ventricular systole (contraction) |
| Sup. & Inf. Venae Cava & Coronary Sinus > R. Atrium > R. Atrioventricular/Tricuspid Valve > R. Ventricle > Pulmonic Semilunar Valve > Pulmonary Trunk > L. & R. Pulmonary Arteries > Lungs > Pulmonary Veins > L. Atrium > L. Atrioventricular/Bicuspid/Mitral | Give the correct order of blood flow: (whole process did not fit...) |
| Arteriosclerosis | Thickening/hardening of arterial walls |
| Atherosclerosis | Accumulation of fatty cholesterol deposits on arterial walls |
| Ischemia | Reduced blood supply to myocardium |
| All 4 chambers relaxed > Atrial Systole > Ventricular Systole (2 phases) > Early Ventricular Diastole > Later Ventricular Diastole > Chambers relax again | List the process of the Cardiac Cycle |
| Atrial Systole in Cardiac Cycle | -Pushes in the last 30 % of blood to fill ventricle -End of Atrial Systole = Atrial Diastole -Beginning of ventricular systole simultaneously |
| Ventricular systole in Cardiac Cycle (2 phases) | Isovolumetric Contraction & Ventricular Ejection |
| Isovolumetric Contraction | -Increases pressure to close the AV valves -Semilunar valves still closed & blood volume in ventricles stays the same |
| Ventricular Ejection | Pressure rises above pressure in pulmonary & aorta so that the semilunar valves open & blood is ejected from the heart |
| P Wave | Atrial depolarization, initiated by the SA node |
| QRS Complex | Ventricular depolarization begins at apex leading to the atrial repolarization to occur |
| T Wave | Ventricular repolarization begins at the apex |
| Parasympathetic Stimulation of the Intrinsic Rate | -Decreases rate of depolarization -Usually predominates -Resting HR is slower than intrinsic rate |
| Sympathetic Stimulation of the Intrinsic Rate | Increases rate of depolarization |
| Medulla Oblongata | Balance of parasympathetic/sympathetic stimulation is determined by the cardioinhibitory and cardioacceleratory centers in?.... |
| Bradycardia | Condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal |
| Tachycardia | Indicates faster than normal heart rate |
| SA node | Determines the rhythm of the heart |
| Cardiac Output | The product of Stroke Volume multiplied by the Heart Rate |
| Stroke Volume | The amount of blood ejected from a ventricle during ventricular systole |
| Epinephrine & Thyroxine | 2 Hormones that increase HR |
| Ventricular Diastole OR Relaxation of the Ventricular Syncytium | Physically occurs to cause the T wave on an ECG |
| Ventricular Repolarization OR Repolarization of the Ventricular Syncytium | Electrically occurs to cause the T wave on an ECG |
| Ventricular Systole OR Contraction of the Ventricular Syncytium | Physically occurs in the heart simultaneously as the QRS complex |
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JSpeaker08
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