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NHOH HM Manual CH 6
NAVEDTRA 14295B Ch 6: Human Anatomy and Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When the body is in the anatomical position, the thumbs point? | Laterally |
| A person lying on his/her back is in what position? | Supine |
| The physical and chemical breakdown of the food we eat is called? | Digestion |
| The transfer of fluids across the plasma membrane of a cell from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is a process known as? | Diffusion |
| Homeostasis is defined as? | Self-regulated control of the body’s internal environment |
| That portion of a cell containing all the genetic material important in the cell’s reproduction is called the? | Nucleus |
| The secretion of digestive fluids and the absorption of digested foods and liquids is the chief function of which tissue? | Columnar |
| The body’s primary thermo-regulatory action is a function of dilating and contracting blood vessels and the? | Sweat glands |
| Which of the following are the two most prominent mineral elements of bone? | Phosphorus and calcium |
| The bones of the wrist are classified as which of the following bones? | Short |
| Bones of the cranium include what? | Occipital |
| The axial skeleton is composed of which two regions of the skeletal system? | Skull and vertebral column |
| The upper three ribs on each side are known as what types? | True Ribs |
| The concavity into which the head of the humerus articulates is called the? | Glenoid fossa |
| The innominate bone is composed of three parts that are united in adults to form a cuplike structure called the? | Acetabelum |
| The prominence easily felt on the inner and outer aspects of the ankle are called? | Medial and lateral malleolus |
| Bones that develop within a tendon are known as...? | Sesamoid |
| Moving an extremity away from the body is called? | Abduction |
| The act of straightening a limb in known as? | Extension |
| The primary function of the muscles does not include... | Producing red blood cells |
| Which of the following properties describes the ability of muscles to respond to a stimulus? | Irritability |
| The ability of muscles to regain their original form when stretched is known as? | Elasticity |
| Actin and myosin are two protein substances involved in? | Muscle contraction |
| If a generally sedentary person in less than good physical health enters a marathon with the intent to complete the race, which of the following outcomes can he/she be expected to encounter? | He/she runs the risk of muscle damage |
| Intramuscular injections are frequently given in which upper extremity muscles? | Deltoid |
| Intramuscluar injections are usually given in which lower extremity muscles? | Gluteus maximus |
| The total blood volume in the average adult is in what range? | 5 to 6 liters |
| A decreased red blood cell (RBC) count could be the result of a medical condition affecting the? | Red marrow |
| A white blood cell (WBC) count of 18,000 may indicate what condition? | Infection |
| In an accident victim suffering from a fibrinogen deficiency, the rescuer may have difficulty performing which of the actions listed below? | Controlling hemorrhage |
| In addition to preventing excessive blood loss, the formation of a blood clot serves which, if any, of the following purposes? | To form the foundation for new tissue growth |
| The valves of the heart include all of the following EXCEPT? | Vagus |
| Oxygenated blood is carried by which vein(s)? | Pulmonary |
| The contraction phase of the heart is.... | Systole |
| The pulse pressure is the difference between which of the following measurement? | Systole and diastole |
| The venous system that carries digested materials from the intestinal tract is called the? | Portal |
| Lymph nodes do not participate in.... | Manufacture of the white blood cells |
| Windpipe is another term for? | Trachea |
| The primary muscle of respiration is known as the? | Diaphragm |
| Of the following nerves, which, if any, controls the larynx during the process of breathing? | Vagus |
| A nerve, cell, or neuron is not composed of a.... | Synapse |
| The impulse receptors of a nerve are called? | Dendrites |
| The space through which a nerve impulse passes from one neuron to another is called a/an? | Synapse |
| Balance, coordination or movement, and harmony of motion are functions of what part of the brain? | Cerebellum |
| Circulation and respiration are controlled primarily from what area of the brain? | Medulla |
| The meninges, which cover the outer portion of the brain and spinal cord are composed of all the following EXCEPT? | Foramen magnum |
| In what part of the body is cerebral spinal fluid produced? | Central Ventricles |
| The 12 pairs of cranial and 31 pairs spinal nerves form what nervous system? | Peripheral |
| This nerve controls the muscles of the tongue. | Hypoglossal |
| This nerve allows you to stick out your tongue. | Hypoglossal |
| This nerve receives sensory input from the face. | Trigeminal |
| The autonomic nervous system is composed of two main divisions. | Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems |
| Conservation and restoration of energy are the result of nerve impulses arising from which, if any, of the following nervous systems? | Sympathetic |
| Increased heart rate. | Sympathetic |
| Visual Acuity | Central |
| Decreases heart rate to within normal limits | Parasympathetic |
| Reflex arc | Peripheral |
| Hormones secreted by the endocrine system are? | Secreted into the circulatory system |
| The overproduction of which hormone leads to acromegaly? | Thyroxin |
| Which of the following diseases is characterized by a deficiency of the antidiuretic hormone? | Diabetes insipidus |
| An insufficient secretion of thyroxin is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT? | Profuse sweating |
| Calcium levels in the blood are controlled by which of the following hormones? | Parathormone |
| Electrolyte balance is a function of the hormone produced by the? | Posterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
| A metabolic response to epinephrine includes which, if any, of the symptoms listed below? | Increased blood pressure |
| What hormone is produced by the alpha cells of the islands of Langerhans in the pancreas? | Insulin |
| The cornea is part of the protective outer layer of the eye called the? | Sclera |
| The inner part of the eye derives its dimensional nourishment primarily from what vascular tissue? | Vitreous humor |
| Dilation of the pupil, a muscular response of the iris, normally occurs as a result of what? | Decreased intensity of light |
| Of the elements listed below, which makes seeing in the dark possible? | Rods |
| By what process is three-dimensional vision produced? | Convergence |
| The mechanical transmission of sound from the tympanic membrane to the inner ear is a function of which of the following? | Auditory ossicles |
| What structure(s) of the inner ear provide(s) neural stimuli used to maintain equilibrium? | Semicircular canals |
| The conversion of mechanical impulses (sound waves) to neural impulses that can be interpreted by the brain is a function of the ______? | Organ of Corti |
| The enzymatic action of amylase results in the chemical breakdown of ______? | starches to complex sugars |
| Absorption of food occurs predominantly in which of the following areas of the intestines? | Small intestines |
| Of these listed below, which function as the accessory organs of digestion for the small intestines? | Pancreas, liver, and gallbladder |
| The gallbladder performs which of the following purposes? | Stores bile |
| The functional unit of the kidney is called the? | Nephron |
| What are function(s) of the kidneys? | 1. To maintain acid-base balance 2. To remove excess waste from the blood 3. Formation of urine |
| What is the approximate total capacity of the adult bladder? | 300 ml |
| Testosterone production is a function of which of the following glands? | Testes |
| What is considered the primary female reproductive organs? | Ovaries |
| Fertilization of an ovum normally takes place in the? | Uterus |
| The limitations imposed upon a healthcare provider are based on local regulations and what elements? | 1. The rating’s occupational standards 2. The rate training manual 3. The provider’s training and experience |
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