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Stack #180915
Question | Answer |
---|---|
oral contraceptive | highly effective combination of estrogens and progestins |
estrogen in oral contraceptives | ethinyl estradiol |
progestins used in oral contraceptives | levonorgestrel, desogestrel, norethindrone, norgestimate, drospirenone, norgestrel, ethynodiol, norelgestromin, and etonogestrel |
MOA of oral contraceptives | inhibit ovulation by suppressing the gonadotropins follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) & luteinizing hormone (LH);they also alter cervical mucus to decrease sperm penetration & induce changes in the endometrium which decreases chance of egg implantation |
when taken according to prescribed regimen, only __________ is a more effective form of contraception | sterilization |
patients using O.C. for the first time should use an additional method of birth control for ___________; some clinicians recommend an additional method of birth control be used ___________ of O.C. use | the first seven days; duing the first cycle |
adverse effects reported with oral contraceptives | melasma, alveolar osteitis, hirsutistm, weight gain, and nausea ( nausea occurs in approximately 10-30% of pts during first cycle; most cases resovle in 3 months) |
Smoking is not recommended in pts taking O.C. because of an increased risk of ______. The risk is greatest in patients over __ years of age who smoke more than __ cigs per day. | cardiovascular side effects; 35 years of age; 15 cigs per day |
failure rate for no method use | 85% |
failure rate for spermicides alone | 26% |
failure rate for condom alone (male) | 14% |
failure rate for oral contraceptives | 1-3% |
failure rate for diaphragm with spermicides | 20% |
failure rate for condom alone (female) | 21% |
periodic abstinence | 25% |
Alesse | levonorgestrel, ethinyl estradiol |
Indication, dosage form, and dosing interval of ALL oral contraceptives | prevention of pregnancy; tablet; once daily |
Trivora | levonorgestrel, ethinyl estradiol |
Levora | levonorgestrel, ethinyl estradiol |
Triphasil | levonorgestrel, ethinyl estradiol |
Aviane | levonorgestrel, ethinyl estradiol |
Kariva | desogestrel, ethinyl estradiol |
Ortho-Cept | desogestrel, ethinyl estradiol |
Apri | desogestrel, ethinyl estradiol |
Mircette | desogestrel, ethinyl estradiol |
Ovcon-35 | norethindrone, ethinyl estradiol |
Necon 1/35 | norethindrone, ethinyl estradiol |
Estrostep | norethindrone, ethinyl estradiol |
Indications of Estrostep | 1. prevention of pregnancy 2. treatment of acne in females 15 years of age or older |
Ortho Tri-Cyclen | norgestimate, ethinyl estradiol |
Ortho Tri-Cyclen Lo | norgestimate, ethinyl estradiol |
Ortho-Cyclen | norgestimate, ethinyl estradiol |
TriNessa | norgestimate, ethinyl estradiol |
Sprintec | norgestimate, ethinyl estradiol |
Tri-Sprintec | norgestimate, ethinyl estradiol |
Indications of Ortho Tri-Cyclen | 1. prevention of pregnancy 2. treatment of acne in females 15 years of age or older |
Yasmin | drospirenone, ethinyl estradiol |
Yaz | drospirenone, ethinyl estradiol |
Indications of Yaz | 1. prevention of pregnancy2. premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)3. treatment of acne in females 15 years of age or older |
Medications indicated for PMDD | 1. fluoxetine (Sarafem)2. sertraline (Zoloft)3. paroxetine (Paxil)4. drospirenone, ethinyl estradiol (Yaz) |
Drospirenone is derived from _________ (comparable to a ______ dose). Drospirenone has the potential to raise ____________. | spironolactone; 25 mg; serum potassium |
Yasmin and Yaz should be cautiously prescribed to patients taking what 4 classes of drugs? | 1. ACE Inhibitors2. Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists3. potassium-sparing diuretics4. potassium supplements |
Low-Ogestrel | norgestrel, ethinyl estradiol |
Ortho Evra | norelgestromin, ethinyl estradiol |
Dosage form and dosing interval of Ortho Evra | transdermal system; once weekly |
If an Ortho Evra system is partially or completely detached for less then 24 hours, the pt should.... | immediately try to reapply the system or replace it with a new system |
If an Ortho Evra system is partially or completely detached for over 24 hours, the patient should... | stop the current cycle and immediately start a new cycle by applying a new system; there is now a new "day one" and a new "patch change day"; back-up contraception must be used for the first week of the new cycle |
NuvaRing | etonogestrel, ethinyl estradiol |
Dosage form and dosing interval of NuvaRing | vaginal ring; monthly (NuvaRing should be worn continuously for 3 weeks then removed for 1 week-- the menstrual period should begin 2 to 3 days after the ring is removed) |
Storage of NuvaRing | Pharmacists should store NuvaRing under refrigeration. Patients may store NuvaRing at room temperature. |
Depo-Provera | medroxyprogesterone |
Dosage form and dosing interval of Depo-Provera | suspension for injection; every 3 months |
Pt counseling for Depo-Provera | Prior to administration, the vial must be vigorously shaken to ensure the dose represents a uniform suspension. |
Why are estrogens used in postmenopausal women? | Estrogens are used for hormone replacement therapy (HRT)-- estrogens relieve vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes) and slow the development of osteoporosis by reducing bone resorption. |
Long term HRT may increase the risk of.... | 1. breast cancer2. stroke3. pulmonary embolism4. coronary heart disease |
Evista | raloxifene |