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Am Gov Final Bec
Am Gov Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Eminent Domain | Power of government to take private property for public use |
| Tenure | Manner of holding something such as land or an office |
| Pardon | Release from the punishment or legal consequences of a crime |
| Who would grants a pardon for a federal crime? | The President |
| Who would grants a pardon for a crime at the state level? | The Governor of that state |
| Treason | Betrayal of one's country: Examples-Levying war against the US or aiding the enemy |
| Marquee and reprisal | A letter of permission to cross over the frontier into another country's territory in order to take a ship; allowed privately owned and operated vessels to carry out acts of war |
| Quorum | The least number of members needed to be present for a legislative body to conduct business |
| Concur | To agree |
| Enumeration | To count off one by one |
| Franchise | Right to vote |
| Pocket veto | Congress adjourns its session within 10 days of submitting a bill to the Pres., and the Pres. does not act, the measure dies |
| Patent | License issued to inventor giving exclusive rights to manufacture, use, sell the invention for a limited period of time |
| Presidential succession | Congress fixes the order by which a Presidential vacancy is filled |
| Bill of attainder | Legislative act that inflicts punishment without a court trial |
| Primaries | A preliminary election to appoint delegates to a party conference or to select the candidates for a principal, especially presidential, election. |
| Reprieve | Official postponement of the execution of a sentence |
| Revenue Sharing | Form of federal monetary aid under which Congress gives a share of federal tax revenue with virutally no restrictions to the states, cities, counties and townships |
| Senoirity | Unwritten rule in both houses of Congress reserving the top posts in each chamber for members with the longest records of service |
| Definition of a State | Must have a body of people living in a defined territory who have a government with power to make and enforce laws without the consent of a higher authority |
| Unicameral | A legislative body made up of one house |
| Veto | The President's power to reject a bill passed by the legislature |
| Misdemeanor | Lesser offense punishable by a fine or a short jail term |
| Amnesty | Blanket pardon offered to a group of law violators |
| Appointment | Distribution of seats in a legislative body |
| Bicameral | Two houses |
| Brief | Written document explaining upcoming court cases |
| Bureaucracy | A large, complex administrative structure that handles the everyday business of an organization |
| Caucuses | A group of like minded people who meet to select a candidates they will support in an upcoming election |
| Censure | Issue a formal condemnation of behavior |
| Certiorari | Document filed with the Supreme Court asking them to review judgement of an inferior trial court |
| Clemency | Mercy of leniency granted to an offender by a chief executive |
| Cloture | Procedure that can be used to limit or end floor debate in the Senate |
| Constituent | A person an elected official represents |
| Copyright | Exclusive legal right of a person to reproduce, publish, or sell his or her own literary, musical or artistic creation |
| Defendant | One who is charged with a crime |
| Ex Post Facto | A law appling to an act committed before the law was passed |
| Extradition | When a fugitive from one State is returned to the State in which a crime was committed |
| Federalism | Government with a written constitution, dividing powers between the central, or natinal government and several regional governments |
| Filibuster | Long speeches and various tactics aimed at defeating a bill by preventing a final vote |
| Fiscal year | Twelve month period used by govern, and the business word to its record keeping, budgeting, revenue collecting and other financial mamagement purpose |
| Monarchy | Government lead by hereditary ruler |
| Parliamentary | A government that has and executive branch made up of a prime minister and a cabinet |
| Dictatorship | Type of government where one person has absolute power and authority |
| Confederate | Several groups joined for a common purpose |
| Prime Minister | Leader of a Parliamentary form of government |
| Pro Tem (Senate) | Head of Senate -the Vice Pres |
| Attorney General | Head of Department of Justice |
| Divine Right | The right to rule given by God |
| Elector | A person chosen to represent a district of people in a Pres. election |
| Electoral College | Group of people chosen in each State and the District of Columbia every 4 years to make a formal selection of a Pres & Vice Pres. |
| Select Committee | Special committee created for a limited time for a specific purpose |
| Standing Committee | Permanent committee in a legislative body to which bills of a specified subject matter are referred |
| Committee of the Whole | The entire legislative body turns itself into a committee to do business |
| Appellate | Court that reviews decisions of an inferior court |
| Majority opinion | The Opinion of the Court, Announces the Court's decision in a case and sets out the reasoning upon which it is based |
| Dissenting opinion | Written explanation of the views of one or more judges who disagree with a decision reached by a majority of the court |
| Concurring opinion | Written explanation of the views of one or more judges who support a decision reached by a majority of the court, but wish to add or emphasize a point that was not made in the majority decision |
| Virginia Co. | Received a written charter from King James I of Britain to establish a settlement at Jamestown which lead to the first government in North America |
| Virginia Plan | Stated that our new country should have 3 branches of government, a bicameral legislature, membership of the legislature should be determined by population |
| Necessary and Proper Clause | A Constitutional clause that gives Congress the power to make all laws needed to execute its power |
| New Jersey Plan | Stated that our new country should have a unicameral government and all states should have equal representation |
| 3/5 Compromise | An agreement at the Constitutional Convention to count a slave as three-fifths of a person when determining the population of a State |
| Albany Plan | Proposed by Ben Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military and other purposes, the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown |
| Amentment Process | First way to amend the Constitution : 2/3 of Congress proposes, 3/4 of States ratify, Second Way: 2/3 of Congress proposes, 3/4 of States ratify at a State Convention |
| Articles of Confederation | A firm league of friendship, it gave the central government few powers, it was our first constitution and it worked poorly |
| Boston Tea Party | A protest against British laws where people boycotted British and threw tea into Boston Harbor |
| Presidential Cabinet | The presidents closest advisors |
| Concurrent Powers | Powers that both the State and Federal Government posses and exercise |
| Connecticut Compromise | A compromise of representation from each state-The Senate would be composed of the same number of representative from each state, The House of Representative membership would be determined by the population of each State |
| Constitutional convention | The name of the convention where our Constitution was written |
| Election of 1800 | First election with political parties |
| Federalists | People who supported the ratificationof the Constitution in 1787-1788 |
| Evolutionary Theory | Government will evolve over time and get better |
| Expressed powers | Powers of the National govern written in the Constitution, also called "Enumerated powers" |
| Supremacy Clause | The Constitution is the highest law of the land |
| Wood vs Brown | |
| Marbury vs Madison | The decision of this case established "Judicial Review" |
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