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Anatomy
Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Structurally, the nervous system consists of which two subdivisions | Cantral and Peripheral |
| Clusters of neuron cell bodies located outside the CNS are called | Ganglia |
| Which functional divisions of the nervous system includes the SNS and ANS? | Motor |
| In the PNS, components of the afferent division include | Sensory neurons |
| Which effectors are innervated by visceral motor neurons? | Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands |
| Spinal Cord Meninges | Protect and encapsulated by spinal cord meninges, which are continues with cranial nerves |
| Dura Mater | Outside most layer, first layer, most external layer, sac around spinal cord |
| Subarachnoid Space | Is a real space filled with CSF |
| Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) | All nutrients are carried here, made from blood |
| Pia Mater | Innerost layer adheres directly to the spinal cord |
| White Matter | Myelinated axons, Laid down by Schwann cells |
| Dermatone Maps | All spinal nerves except C1 innervate a segment of skin, Follows a segmental pattern along the body |
| 4 Types of nerve plexuses | Cevical, Brachial, Lumbar, Sacral |
| There are____ spinal nerves | 31 |
| Spinal nerves consists of... | Motor and sensory axons |
| Cervical Plexus | Group of nerves that distribute to nack and diaphragm, Phrenic nerve |
| Phrenic Nerve | Controls breathing |
| Brachial Plexus | Formed by anterior Rami of: C5-T1, innervates pectoral girdle and entire upper limbs |
| 3 roots of brachial plexus | Superior, Middle, Inferior Trunks |
| Extrafusal Muscle | The skeletal muscle that makes up the bulk of the entire muscle |
| 3 Cords of the of the brachial plexus | Posterior, Medial, Lateral Cords |
| 5 Terminal branches of the brachial plexus | Axillary nerve, Median Nerve, Musculocutaneous Nerve, Radial Nerve, Ulnar Nerve |
| Lumbar Plexus | Formed by the anterior rami:L1-L4 |
| Choroid Plexus | Produces CSF |
| Pons | Redirection center, involved in interconnection & integration of cerebral cortex, cerebellar & brainstem |
| Pituitary Gland | Anterior and posterior pituitary hormones |
| Longitundinal Fissure | Separates lobes of the brain |
| Broca's Area | Gives you motor speech |
| Parietal Lobe | Motor ability, covered by parietal bone |
| Occipital Lobe | Vision processing, covered by occipital bone, stores visual memories |
| Hemisphere Lateralization | Runs down one side |
| Afferent (Sensory Neurons) | Carry signals toward the nervous system |
| Commisure | Connects right and left sides of the horns |
| Main nerve of the posterior division of the Lumbar plexus | Femoral nerve |
| Main nerve of the posterior division of the Lumbar plexus | Obturator nerve |
| Longest and largest nerve in the sacral plexus and in the entire body | Sciatic nerve |
| Sciatic nerve is composed of 2 divisions wrapped in a common sheath | Tibial portion and common fibular portion |
| Nerve plexus | Network of nerevs |
| 5 main branches of the sciatic nerve | Tibial nerve, common fibular nerve, deep fibular nerve, superficial fibular nerve |
| Reflexes may be... | Monosynaptic--- one neuron involved, Polysynaptic--- More than 2 neurons involved |
| Hippocampus | Involved in formation of long term memory |
| Hydrocephalus | Water on the brain. Cerebral aqueduct does not open up. |
| Cerebrum | 5 lobes divided by fissures |
| Interventicular Foramen | Connects lateral ventricles with 3rd ventricles |
| Intercostal Nerves | Do not form a plexus with the exception of T1 |
| Fourth Ventricle | Space under cerebellum |
| Hypothalamus | Site for major neural autonomic & endocrine integration and control. Produces 6 hormones |
| Thalamus | Filters & selects sensory information. The "Gateway" to the cerebral cortex. Side of 3rd ventricle. Final relay point for sensory info |
| Pineal gland | Involved in carcadian rhythms using melatonin. Storage of melatonin |
| Epidural space | Lies between the dura mater & the periosteum covering the inner walls of the vertebrae. Outside of dura mater |
| Corpus Callosum | Connects right and left cerebral hemispheres. Communication between right and left cerebral hemispheres. Made up of axons |
| Alpha Motor Neurons | Neurons responsible for contraction of the extrafusal muscle. |
| Central Sulcus | Everything goes to the central sulcus. Posterior--- Sensory, Anterior--- Motor |
| Frontal Lobe | Speech, Motor in function |
| Precentral gtrus (primary motor cortex) | Controls fine motor |
| Gyrus | Folds in the cerebrum, increase surface area |
| Wernicke's Area | Speech, Recognizes and comprehends spoken and written languages, nuclei---gray matter |
| Postcentral Gyrus (primary somatosensory cortex) | Perception of sensation from skin and muscle, sensory, Mass of nervous tissue in parietal lobe, immediately posterior to the central sulcus |
| Gray Commissure | Contains unmylelinated axons & serves as a communication route between left and right sides. |
| Temporal Lobe | Generally sensory in function |
| Insular Cortex | Communication in Limbic system, gives you feelings, stores visual memories. Memory and interpretation of taste. Not visible, communicates all lobes |
| Gray Matter | Dendrites and cell bodies of neurons, unmyelinated axons and glial cells, centrally located in spinal cord |
| Primary Visual Cortex | Recieves & processes incoming visual information |
| Midbrain Aqueduct (Cerebral Aqueduct) | Connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle |
| Motor (Efferent) | Carry signals out of the nervous system |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | Inside dorsal body cavity |
| Midbrain | Involved in interconnection & integration of cerebral cortex and brainstem |
| Arachnoid Space | Deep to the dura mater and the subdural space |
| Third Ventricle | Slit like space in the center of the diencephlon |
| Nerve Plexuses are... | Network of interweaving anterior rami of spinal nerves |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | Outside the dorsal body cavity, nerves and ganglia |
| Autonomic Nervous System | control smooth muscle or glands, part of the motor nervous system |
| Somatic Motor (SNS) | Control skeletal muscle |
| Sacral Plexus | Left and right sacral plexuses formed by the anterior rami of L4-S4 |
| Nucleus | Center that displays discrete anatomic boundries |
| Nerve | Axon bundle extending through the PNS |
| Intrafusal Muscle | Specialized skeletal muscle fibers that make the muscle spindle |
| Superior Trunk of the brachial plexus | Nerves C5-C6 |
| Gamma Motor Neurons | Neurons responsible for contraction of the intrafusal muscle |
| Middle trunk of the brachial plexus | Nerve C7 |
| Medulla Oblongata | Involved, in part, in respiration, BP and heart rate |
| Septum Pellucidum | Separates lateral ventricles |
| Amygdala | Involved with feeling emotion |
| Inferior trunk of the brachial plexus | Nerves C8-T1 |
| Basal Nuclei (Ganglia) | Modifies cerebral cortical commands after evaluating signals from cerebral cortex, cerebellum and brainstem |
| Lateral ventricles | Wing like spaces under cerebral hemispheres |
| A reflex arc may be... | Ipsilateral---same side, Contralateral ---different sides |
| Golgi Tendon Organs Sensory Neurons | Inhibitory interneurons are stimulated by the sensory neurons |
| Sensory Nervous System consists of | Somatic Sensory and Visceral Sensory |
| Motor Nervous System consists of | Somatic motor and Autonomic motor, Transmits nerve impulse from CNS to a muscle or gland. |
| Sensory Nervous System | Transmits impulses from the PNS to the CNS, includes pain, touch, pressure and temp |
Created by:
tinks83
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