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Nucleic Acid Structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nucleotides polymerized by phosphodiester bonds (RNA and DNA) | Nucleic Acids |
| A chemical. Chemical double stranded polymers of deoxyribonucleotides. | DNA |
| Single stranded polymers of unmodified nucleotides | RNA |
| Structural strand of DNA. Single molecule of DNA, often millions of base pairs long. Encodes most of a cell's genes | Chromosome |
| The functional unit of DNA. A region of a chromosomes. The entire DNA sequence controlling a specific trait, usually by encoding a polypeptide or functional RNA | Gene |
| A five carbon sugar, that constitues the central moiety of nucleotides. | Ribose |
| If you ad a base to ribose what do you get | Nucleotide |
| The side groups of nucleotides | Bases |
| Where are bases attached to ribose | 1' carbon |
| Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine are | Pyrimidines |
| Guanine and Adenine are | Purines |
| How many charges do Guanine and Cytosine have | 3 |
| How many charges do Adenine, Thymine, and Uracil have | 2 |
| A nucleotide with a base that has one ring | Pyrimidine |
| A nucleotide with a base that has two rings | Purine |
| a nucleotide precursor, with a base attached to the 1' carbon of ribose, without a phophorylated 5' end | Nucleoside |
| A nucleic acid subunit, consisting of ribose with a 5' phosphorylated carbons, and a base bound to the 1' carbon. | Nucleotide |
| If a nucleotides has one phosphate added it's called a ..., two makes a,..., three is a | Monophosphate, Diphosphate, Triphosphate |
| a modified nucleotide that lacks the 2' hydroxyl group on the ribose | Deoxynucleotide |
| Deoxynucleotides are used to produce ..., while ... consistes of unmodified nucleotides | DNA, RNA |
| What does Uracil become when it is methylated | Thymine |
| Why is Thymine methylated | To keep it from being degraded by RNAase |
| What type of bonds link nucleotides into long chains | Phosphodiester |
| Where is the phosphodiester bond between nucleotides found | Between the 3' hydroxyl group of one nucleotide and the 5' phosphate of an incoming nucleotide |
| Where are free nucleotides added in a growing chain | To the 3' OH |
| Does DNA or RNA lack the 2' hydroxyl group | DNA |
| DNA utilizes ... while RNA utilizes... | Thymidine, Uridine |
| Two nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds between specific, charged sites of their bases | Base pair |
| How is the lenght of a piece of DNA counted | By base pairs |
| For two strands to have matching, mirror image sequences, so that every A of one strand is paired with a T of the other and every G is paired with a C | Complimentary |
| The two strand of the double helix are in opposite, 5'-3' orientations | Anitparallel |
| For double helices to dissociate into single strands due to advers conditons such as elevated temperature | Denaturation, Deannelaing or Melting DNA |
| To allow denatured DNA strands to reform double helices. This is most commonly accomplished by allwing a heated solution to cool slowly | Anealing or Reannealing |
| For two strands from different sources to anneal. | Hybridization |
| RNA with a sequence complimentary to a DNA or RNA | Antisense RNA |
| DNA has what kind of charge | Negative |
| What is the most common conformation of DNA | B DNA |
| A right handed double hellix with 10 bp per turn | B DNA |
| The wide space in a double helix | Major groove |
| The narrow span in a double helix | Minor groove |
| where to regulatory proteins and various enzymes normally bind DNA | Major groove |
| A type of DNA conformation that is more compact than B DNA, with more tilt to the base pairs and a central hole between the trands. Formed from DNA/RNA and RNA/RNA | A DNA |
| A left handed double helix, with characteritic regions of alternating purine, pyrimidens. REgions may be involved in repression of gene expression | Z DNA |
| A DNA conformation between two polypyrimidine and one polypurine strands | Triple-helical DNA |
Created by:
mhaynes
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