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Fuels Vol. 1 Unit 3
Mechanics and Hydraulics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| which of newton's laws states that a body continues in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless an unbalanced force acts up it? | first law - the law of intertia |
| which of newton's laws states that the acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the force exerted on the body, is inversely proportional to the mass of the body, and is in the same direction of the force? | second law - the law of proportionality |
| which of newton's laws states that whenever one body exerts a force upon a second body, the second body exerts an equal and opposite force upon the first? | third law - the law of action and reaction |
| formula for mechanical advantage | resistance/effort |
| how many classes of levers are there? | 3 |
| formula for determining mechanical advantage of a crank and axle | radius of the crank/radius of the axle |
| what may be used to obtain different degrees of mechanical advantage or to change the direction of effort being applied? | the pulley |
| formula for determining the mechanical advantage of a series of pulleys | weight/number of pulleys |
| formula for determining mechanical advantage of an inclined plane | length of plane/height of plane |
| formula for determining mechanical advantage of a screw | distance between the threads of the screw and the length of the handle turning the screw |
| what is the process of overcoming resistance and how is it measured? | work, W = F x D |
| what is the speed or rate of doing work and what is its formula? | power, power = work/time |
| equipment such as saws, grinders, and pumps are often driven by a solid shaft connected to the driving source (motor) | direct drive |
| air-conditioner fans, ventilator fans, air compressors, and refrigeration units are examples what type of machines or equipment | belt drive |
| the small gear is the driver, and the larger gear is the driven gear | gear drives |
| a drive that has a sealed chamber containing two turbine fans facing each other | fluid drives |
| what is the resistance that opposes every effort to slide or roll one body over another? | friction |
| all substances are made up of __ | molecules |
| molecules that have more attraction than others offer a resistance to flow called | viscosity |
| what principle states that the pressure applied to a confined liquid is transmitted equally and undiminished in all directions throughout the vessel, regardless of the shape or size of the vessel? | Pascal's principle |
| liquids at rest are said to be | static |
| formula for determining the pressure in psi exerted by any liquid at any depth | depth (ft) x .433 psi/ft x specific gravity |
| what is the lifting force of a liquid upon a body immersed in it/ | buoyancy |
| what can be used to control the level of liquids in reservoirs or tank by using mechanical linkage to control the opening and closing of automatic valves? | floats |
| what is the term for two liquids that are incapable of being mixed? | immiscible |
| what refers to the quantity of liquid that passes a given point in a system in a unit of time? | volume of flow |
| what refers to the rate of speed of the liquid flowing? | velocity of flow |
| flowing liquid tends to flow in a __ streamline manner in large diameter pipes and at low velocities | laminar flow |
| when flow increases and/or pipe diameters become smaller, the liquid particles tend to tumble and jostle each other and flow becomes __ | turbulent |
| when flushing a system you want maximum velocity to be | 20-30 fps |
| what term defines the property which is possessed by all forms of matter and that makes the matter resist being moved if it is at rest | inertia |
| what are the 5 physical factors that act upon a liquid and affect its behavior | gravity, atmospheric pressure, specific applied forces, inertia, and friction |
| which 3 physical factors apply equally to liquids at rest or in motion, and which 2 apply only to liquids in motion? | gravity, atmospheric pressure, & applied forces. inertia & friction |
| which principles states "as the velocity of a moving fluid increases, its kinetic energy increases and consequently, the pressure it exerts must correspondingly decrease" | Bernoulli's principle |
| what can create two different pressures to control fuel flow through an automatic valve? | orifice plate |
| the automatic valve employs a __ __ and a __ __ instead of pistons for its operation | flexible diaphragm and rigid disc |
| what do auto valves have on the control loops that allows the auto valve to open and to close | pilot valves |
| what is the term used to define water-hammer pressure, known as a series of shocks produced by suddenly stopping or reducing the liquid flow | hydraulic shock |
Created by:
Scottydick
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