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kinesiology
intro/anatomical terms/directional terms/ joints/ axial & appendicular skeleton
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| dance | an expressive art form that relies totally on human movement for communication |
| kinesiology | the science of the human motion/movement. the study of muscles and bones and how they work |
| anatomical position | standing straight up with feet and palms facing front |
| supine | lying on the back |
| prone | lying facedown |
| anterior | front side or in front of |
| posterior | back side or in back of |
| lateral | father from the medial plane or toward side |
| medial | closer to the median plane or toward the midline |
| superior | above/ toward the head |
| inferior | below/ toward the feet |
| proximal | closer to the root of the limb, trunk, or center of the body |
| distal | father from the root of the limb, trunk or center of the body |
| superficial | closer to or on the surface of the body |
| deep | father from the surface |
| flexion | decreasing of the angle between two levers (bending) |
| extension | increasing of the angle between two levers (straightening) |
| hyperextension | increasing the angle between two levers beyond 180 degrees |
| abduction | movement away from the midline of the body |
| adduction | movement toward the midline of the body |
| rotation | movement around the central axis of a lever |
| internal rotation | rotation of the limbs toward the front of the body |
| external rotation | rotation of the limbs outward from the front of the body |
| plantar flexion | bringing the toes and bottom of foot downward |
| dorsiflexion | bringing the toes and bottom of foot upward |
| right lateral flexion (spine) | side bending of the trunk to the right or moving from a position of left lateral flexion toward anatomical position |
| left lateral flexion (spine) | side bending of the trunk to the left or moving from right lateral flexion toward anatomical position |
| right rotation (spine) | turning the anterior surface of the head or trunk to the right |
| left rotation (spine) | turning the anterior surface of the head or trunk to the left |
| pronation (forearm) | turning the palm backward |
| supination (forearm) | turning the palm forward |
| inversion (foot) | lifting the medial portion of the foot upward |
| eversion (foot) | lifting lateral portion of the foot upward |
| sagittal plane | any plane parallel to the median plane |
| frontal plane | any vertical plane perpendicular to the median plane |
| transverse plane | divides the boy into superior and inferior parts |
| act of flexion | is consideredany movement toward flexion, even if its from hyperextension to extention |
| axial skeleton | the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs |
| appendicular skeleton | composed of the limbs (appendages); upper and lower extremities |
| upper extremity | shoulder girdle and arm/hand |
| lower extremity | pelvic girdle an leg/foot |
| shoulder girdle | clavicle and scapula |
| arm/hand | humerus, raidus, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges |
| pelvic girle | os coxae |
| leg/foot | femur, tibia, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges |
| bones | 206 in body, serve lever for action of muscles, 3 basic shapes (long, short, and flat) |
| long bones | radius and ulna |
| short bones | talus/ankle |
| flat bones | scapula |
| joints | where bones are linked together |
| synovial joints | freely moving joints |
| ball-and-socket joint | movement in all directions |
| gliding joint | movement is limited |
| ellipsoid joint | movement in 2 planes: flexion/extension an adduction/abduction |
| hinge joint | movement mainly in flexion/extension |
| saddle joint | movement in 2 planes: flexion/extension and adduction/abduction |
| pivot joint | rotation, circular Range of Motion |
| ossification | hardening of bone |
| epiphysial line | region of the long bones of the body where growth occurs |
| articulation | point(s) at which two or more bones meet to form a joint |
| articulation surfaces | surface of a bone that contacts another bone |
| hyaline cartilage | dense cushioning material foun on the articulating surface |
| synovial membrane | connective tissue encasement around a joint (joint capsule) |
| synovial fluid | lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane into the joint capsule |
| ligaments | non-elastic tissue that connects bone to bone |
| tendons | elastic tissue that connects muscle to bone |
| bursa | tiny fluid filled sacks that serve as "ball bearings" at the body's high friction points |
| ball-and-socket joint examples | shoulder, hip |
| gliding joint examples | ribs, sacrum, finger joints |
| hinge joint examples | elbow, knee, ankle |
| ellipsoid joint example | top base of skull and top of cervical vertibrae |
| saddle joint example | thumb |
| pivot joint example | atlas- axis |
| cartilage | shiny, whitish connective tissue that covers the articulating surfaces of the bones |
| 2 types of cartilage stress | gravitational pressure and friction from movement itself |
| excess cartilage stress | can cause rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis |
| joint capsule | encloses the joint, prevents loss of fluid, and bins together the ens of the articulating bones |
Created by:
dancerbooty33
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