click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
kinesiology
intro/anatomical terms/directional terms/ joints/ axial & appendicular skeleton
Term | Definition |
---|---|
dance | an expressive art form that relies totally on human movement for communication |
kinesiology | the science of the human motion/movement. the study of muscles and bones and how they work |
anatomical position | standing straight up with feet and palms facing front |
supine | lying on the back |
prone | lying facedown |
anterior | front side or in front of |
posterior | back side or in back of |
lateral | father from the medial plane or toward side |
medial | closer to the median plane or toward the midline |
superior | above/ toward the head |
inferior | below/ toward the feet |
proximal | closer to the root of the limb, trunk, or center of the body |
distal | father from the root of the limb, trunk or center of the body |
superficial | closer to or on the surface of the body |
deep | father from the surface |
flexion | decreasing of the angle between two levers (bending) |
extension | increasing of the angle between two levers (straightening) |
hyperextension | increasing the angle between two levers beyond 180 degrees |
abduction | movement away from the midline of the body |
adduction | movement toward the midline of the body |
rotation | movement around the central axis of a lever |
internal rotation | rotation of the limbs toward the front of the body |
external rotation | rotation of the limbs outward from the front of the body |
plantar flexion | bringing the toes and bottom of foot downward |
dorsiflexion | bringing the toes and bottom of foot upward |
right lateral flexion (spine) | side bending of the trunk to the right or moving from a position of left lateral flexion toward anatomical position |
left lateral flexion (spine) | side bending of the trunk to the left or moving from right lateral flexion toward anatomical position |
right rotation (spine) | turning the anterior surface of the head or trunk to the right |
left rotation (spine) | turning the anterior surface of the head or trunk to the left |
pronation (forearm) | turning the palm backward |
supination (forearm) | turning the palm forward |
inversion (foot) | lifting the medial portion of the foot upward |
eversion (foot) | lifting lateral portion of the foot upward |
sagittal plane | any plane parallel to the median plane |
frontal plane | any vertical plane perpendicular to the median plane |
transverse plane | divides the boy into superior and inferior parts |
act of flexion | is consideredany movement toward flexion, even if its from hyperextension to extention |
axial skeleton | the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs |
appendicular skeleton | composed of the limbs (appendages); upper and lower extremities |
upper extremity | shoulder girdle and arm/hand |
lower extremity | pelvic girdle an leg/foot |
shoulder girdle | clavicle and scapula |
arm/hand | humerus, raidus, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges |
pelvic girle | os coxae |
leg/foot | femur, tibia, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges |
bones | 206 in body, serve lever for action of muscles, 3 basic shapes (long, short, and flat) |
long bones | radius and ulna |
short bones | talus/ankle |
flat bones | scapula |
joints | where bones are linked together |
synovial joints | freely moving joints |
ball-and-socket joint | movement in all directions |
gliding joint | movement is limited |
ellipsoid joint | movement in 2 planes: flexion/extension an adduction/abduction |
hinge joint | movement mainly in flexion/extension |
saddle joint | movement in 2 planes: flexion/extension and adduction/abduction |
pivot joint | rotation, circular Range of Motion |
ossification | hardening of bone |
epiphysial line | region of the long bones of the body where growth occurs |
articulation | point(s) at which two or more bones meet to form a joint |
articulation surfaces | surface of a bone that contacts another bone |
hyaline cartilage | dense cushioning material foun on the articulating surface |
synovial membrane | connective tissue encasement around a joint (joint capsule) |
synovial fluid | lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane into the joint capsule |
ligaments | non-elastic tissue that connects bone to bone |
tendons | elastic tissue that connects muscle to bone |
bursa | tiny fluid filled sacks that serve as "ball bearings" at the body's high friction points |
ball-and-socket joint examples | shoulder, hip |
gliding joint examples | ribs, sacrum, finger joints |
hinge joint examples | elbow, knee, ankle |
ellipsoid joint example | top base of skull and top of cervical vertibrae |
saddle joint example | thumb |
pivot joint example | atlas- axis |
cartilage | shiny, whitish connective tissue that covers the articulating surfaces of the bones |
2 types of cartilage stress | gravitational pressure and friction from movement itself |
excess cartilage stress | can cause rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis |
joint capsule | encloses the joint, prevents loss of fluid, and bins together the ens of the articulating bones |