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Orange Module
Orange Module Pharmacy Review
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Define drug. | -chemical substance that affects the mind/body -used to diagnosis, treatment or prevention of disease -illegal substances |
Differentiate between prescription repeats and prescription renewals. | Repeats-A continuation of long-term medications Renewals-Extension of prescriptions that have run out |
Describe sustained release. | Cause a delay in the active absorption of the medication. |
What can drugs be classified by? | Function, effect and body system. |
Name and describe the different effects of drugs. | Therapeutic action-the purpose for giving the drug, Side effects/adverse effects-every drug has potential side effects, Allergies-a serious reaction to a drug. |
Name and describe the classifications of drugs by scope of action. | Local-when the drug affects the site of application only, Systemic-circulate in the bloodstream, Cumulative-accumulates faster than it can be metabolized. |
Name and describe the classifications of drugs by use. | Therapeutic-to relieve symptoms, Diagnostic-to perform diagnostic test (enema), Curative drugs-to overcome a disease, infection or other conditions, Replacement drugs-to "replace" a hormone, Prophylactic-to prevent a condition or decrease the severity. |
What are the four names that can be given to a single drug? | Chemical, generic, trade, botanical. |
What are the two methods of dispensing drugs? | Prescription, over-the-counter. |
What is enteric-coated? | Allows pills to bypass the stomach. |
What is a pharmacist? | A health professional who is trained in preparing and dispensing drugs. |
What is pharmacology? | The study/description of drugs, their composition, actions and effects, A biological science. |
What is a pharmacy? | A licensed business involved in dispensing drugs. |
When are drug errors more likely made? | When taken over the phone, transcription. |
synergism | A combination of two drugs that causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug given alone. |
inhalation | Administration of drugs in gaseous or vapour form through the nose or mouth. |
antidote | Agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug. |
stimulant | Agent that excites and promotes activity. |
antihypertensive | Agent that lowers blood pressure. |
hypnotic | Agent that produces sleep. |
iatrogenic | An effect that is produced as an individual's sensitivity to a drug. |
side effect | An effect that routinely results from the use of a drug. |
parenteral | By injection or intravenous administration. |
antibiotic | Chemical substance that inhibits or kills foreign organisms. |
systemic | Circulating through the bloodstream to produce a general effect on the body. |
brand name | Commercial name for a drug; trade name. |
tolerance | Drug action in which larger and larger doses must be given to achieve the desired effect. |
antihistamine | Drug that blocks the action of natural histamines in the body and relieves allergy symptoms. |
antidepressant | Drug that is used to relieve symptoms of depression. |
anticonvulsant | Drug that prevents convulsions. |
emetic | Drug that promotes vomiting. |
antidiarrheal | Drug used to prevent diarrhea. |
antiarrhythmic | Drug which helps restore heart rhythm to a regular cycle. |
antacid | Drug which neutralizes acid in the stomach. |
anesthetic | Drug which reduces or eliminates sensation. |
analgesic | Drug which relieves pain. |
topical | Drugs applied on the skin or mucous membranes. |
controlled drugs | Drugs defined by federal law to which special rules apply because they are liable to be abused. |
oral | Drugs taken by mouth. |
sublingual | Drugs taken under the tongue. |
rectal | Drugs inserted via the anus into the rectum. |
contraindications | Factors in a patient's condition that prevent the use of a drug treatment. |
narcotic | Habit-forming drug that relieves pain. |
toxicity | Harmful effects of a drug. |
anaphylaxis | Hypersensitive reaction of the body to a drug or foreign organism. |
syringe | Instrument for introducing fluids to or withdrawing fluids from the body. |
sedative | Mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes, without necessarily producing sleep. |
transport | Movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells. |
fixed oils | Oils, extracted primarily from plants, that do not evaporate. |
volatile oils | Oils, extracted primarily from plants, that evaporate. |
aerosols | Particles of medication suspended in air. |
ophthalmic | Relating to the eye. |
vitamin | Substances found in foods which are essential for life. |
receptor | Target substance with which a drug interacts in the body. |
cumulative action | The concentration of a drug may increase with each dose, due to the half-life of previous doses. |
absorption | The process by which a medication is taken into the body, broken down and transformed into a form that the body can use. |
distribution | The process by which metabolites are transported to various parts of the body. |
metabolism | The process of breaking down a drug or other substances into metabolites used by the body. |
half-life | The time required by the body to metabolize half the amount of the drug ingested. |
additive action | The total effect that two drugs have in combination is equal to the sum of the effects of each. |
otic | Via the ear. |
Furosemide twenty milligrams, take one table orally twice daily. | Furosemide 20 mg, 1 tab. p.o. b.i.d. |
Isopto-tears ten millilitres one to two drops in both eyes as required. | Isopto-tears 10 mL i-ii gtts ou prn |
Propanolol 40 mg qd, po, ac breakfast | Propanolol 40 milligrams every day, by mouth before breakfast |
Ranitidine 150 ml t.i.d. a.c. | Ranitidine 150 millilitres three times a day before meals |
Amoxicillin 500 milligrams take one capsule orally four times daily after meals | Amoxicillan 500mg 1 cap p.o. q.i.d. p.c. |
Burrosol two drops in the right ear every night for three days then one drop every other day | Burrosol ii gtts a.d. qPM x 3 d, then i gtt q.o.d. |
Lovastatin twenty milligrams daily taken by mouth | Lovastatin 20 mg qd po |
Demerol fifty milligrams daily for one month | Demerol 50 mg q.d. 1/12 |
Peptobismol liquid one hundred twenty milligrams daily for one month | Peptobismol liq. 120 mg qd x 1/12 |
Losec 20 mg three times a day for one week | Losec twenty milligrams t.i.d. x 1/52 |
1/12 | one month |
1/52 | one week |
ac, a.c. | before meals |
ASAP | as soon as possible |
bid, b.i.d. | twice a day |
cap | capsule |
CPS | Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialities |
gtt, gtt(s) | drop, drops |
i, ii | one, two |
mg | milligram |
mL, ml | millilitre |
npo, n.p.o. | nothing by mouth |
ODB | Ontario Drug Benefit |
OTC | over the counter |
o.u. | both eyes |
p.c., pc | after meals |
p.o. | by mouth |
prn | as needed |
q.a.m. | every day before noon |
Q.D., q.d. | every day |
q.o.d. | every other day |
q.p.m. | every day after noon (every night) |
q_h | every 1, 2, 3,... hours |
q.h. | every hour |
qid, q.i.d. | four times a day |
Rx | prescription |
S.C., SC, SQ, Subc, subq, subcut | subcutaneous |
SL, sl | sublingual |
stat, STAT | immediately |
ss | one half |
t.i.d., tid | three times a day |
tab | tablet |
Tx | treatment |
ung | ointment |
x 3 days | times three days |