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Orange Module
Orange Module Pharmacy Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define drug. | -chemical substance that affects the mind/body -used to diagnosis, treatment or prevention of disease -illegal substances |
| Differentiate between prescription repeats and prescription renewals. | Repeats-A continuation of long-term medications Renewals-Extension of prescriptions that have run out |
| Describe sustained release. | Cause a delay in the active absorption of the medication. |
| What can drugs be classified by? | Function, effect and body system. |
| Name and describe the different effects of drugs. | Therapeutic action-the purpose for giving the drug, Side effects/adverse effects-every drug has potential side effects, Allergies-a serious reaction to a drug. |
| Name and describe the classifications of drugs by scope of action. | Local-when the drug affects the site of application only, Systemic-circulate in the bloodstream, Cumulative-accumulates faster than it can be metabolized. |
| Name and describe the classifications of drugs by use. | Therapeutic-to relieve symptoms, Diagnostic-to perform diagnostic test (enema), Curative drugs-to overcome a disease, infection or other conditions, Replacement drugs-to "replace" a hormone, Prophylactic-to prevent a condition or decrease the severity. |
| What are the four names that can be given to a single drug? | Chemical, generic, trade, botanical. |
| What are the two methods of dispensing drugs? | Prescription, over-the-counter. |
| What is enteric-coated? | Allows pills to bypass the stomach. |
| What is a pharmacist? | A health professional who is trained in preparing and dispensing drugs. |
| What is pharmacology? | The study/description of drugs, their composition, actions and effects, A biological science. |
| What is a pharmacy? | A licensed business involved in dispensing drugs. |
| When are drug errors more likely made? | When taken over the phone, transcription. |
| synergism | A combination of two drugs that causes an effect that is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each drug given alone. |
| inhalation | Administration of drugs in gaseous or vapour form through the nose or mouth. |
| antidote | Agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug. |
| stimulant | Agent that excites and promotes activity. |
| antihypertensive | Agent that lowers blood pressure. |
| hypnotic | Agent that produces sleep. |
| iatrogenic | An effect that is produced as an individual's sensitivity to a drug. |
| side effect | An effect that routinely results from the use of a drug. |
| parenteral | By injection or intravenous administration. |
| antibiotic | Chemical substance that inhibits or kills foreign organisms. |
| systemic | Circulating through the bloodstream to produce a general effect on the body. |
| brand name | Commercial name for a drug; trade name. |
| tolerance | Drug action in which larger and larger doses must be given to achieve the desired effect. |
| antihistamine | Drug that blocks the action of natural histamines in the body and relieves allergy symptoms. |
| antidepressant | Drug that is used to relieve symptoms of depression. |
| anticonvulsant | Drug that prevents convulsions. |
| emetic | Drug that promotes vomiting. |
| antidiarrheal | Drug used to prevent diarrhea. |
| antiarrhythmic | Drug which helps restore heart rhythm to a regular cycle. |
| antacid | Drug which neutralizes acid in the stomach. |
| anesthetic | Drug which reduces or eliminates sensation. |
| analgesic | Drug which relieves pain. |
| topical | Drugs applied on the skin or mucous membranes. |
| controlled drugs | Drugs defined by federal law to which special rules apply because they are liable to be abused. |
| oral | Drugs taken by mouth. |
| sublingual | Drugs taken under the tongue. |
| rectal | Drugs inserted via the anus into the rectum. |
| contraindications | Factors in a patient's condition that prevent the use of a drug treatment. |
| narcotic | Habit-forming drug that relieves pain. |
| toxicity | Harmful effects of a drug. |
| anaphylaxis | Hypersensitive reaction of the body to a drug or foreign organism. |
| syringe | Instrument for introducing fluids to or withdrawing fluids from the body. |
| sedative | Mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes, without necessarily producing sleep. |
| transport | Movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells. |
| fixed oils | Oils, extracted primarily from plants, that do not evaporate. |
| volatile oils | Oils, extracted primarily from plants, that evaporate. |
| aerosols | Particles of medication suspended in air. |
| ophthalmic | Relating to the eye. |
| vitamin | Substances found in foods which are essential for life. |
| receptor | Target substance with which a drug interacts in the body. |
| cumulative action | The concentration of a drug may increase with each dose, due to the half-life of previous doses. |
| absorption | The process by which a medication is taken into the body, broken down and transformed into a form that the body can use. |
| distribution | The process by which metabolites are transported to various parts of the body. |
| metabolism | The process of breaking down a drug or other substances into metabolites used by the body. |
| half-life | The time required by the body to metabolize half the amount of the drug ingested. |
| additive action | The total effect that two drugs have in combination is equal to the sum of the effects of each. |
| otic | Via the ear. |
| Furosemide twenty milligrams, take one table orally twice daily. | Furosemide 20 mg, 1 tab. p.o. b.i.d. |
| Isopto-tears ten millilitres one to two drops in both eyes as required. | Isopto-tears 10 mL i-ii gtts ou prn |
| Propanolol 40 mg qd, po, ac breakfast | Propanolol 40 milligrams every day, by mouth before breakfast |
| Ranitidine 150 ml t.i.d. a.c. | Ranitidine 150 millilitres three times a day before meals |
| Amoxicillin 500 milligrams take one capsule orally four times daily after meals | Amoxicillan 500mg 1 cap p.o. q.i.d. p.c. |
| Burrosol two drops in the right ear every night for three days then one drop every other day | Burrosol ii gtts a.d. qPM x 3 d, then i gtt q.o.d. |
| Lovastatin twenty milligrams daily taken by mouth | Lovastatin 20 mg qd po |
| Demerol fifty milligrams daily for one month | Demerol 50 mg q.d. 1/12 |
| Peptobismol liquid one hundred twenty milligrams daily for one month | Peptobismol liq. 120 mg qd x 1/12 |
| Losec 20 mg three times a day for one week | Losec twenty milligrams t.i.d. x 1/52 |
| 1/12 | one month |
| 1/52 | one week |
| ac, a.c. | before meals |
| ASAP | as soon as possible |
| bid, b.i.d. | twice a day |
| cap | capsule |
| CPS | Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialities |
| gtt, gtt(s) | drop, drops |
| i, ii | one, two |
| mg | milligram |
| mL, ml | millilitre |
| npo, n.p.o. | nothing by mouth |
| ODB | Ontario Drug Benefit |
| OTC | over the counter |
| o.u. | both eyes |
| p.c., pc | after meals |
| p.o. | by mouth |
| prn | as needed |
| q.a.m. | every day before noon |
| Q.D., q.d. | every day |
| q.o.d. | every other day |
| q.p.m. | every day after noon (every night) |
| q_h | every 1, 2, 3,... hours |
| q.h. | every hour |
| qid, q.i.d. | four times a day |
| Rx | prescription |
| S.C., SC, SQ, Subc, subq, subcut | subcutaneous |
| SL, sl | sublingual |
| stat, STAT | immediately |
| ss | one half |
| t.i.d., tid | three times a day |
| tab | tablet |
| Tx | treatment |
| ung | ointment |
| x 3 days | times three days |
Created by:
Barbara Ross
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