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ITM Heart
Ch. 12
Question | Answer |
---|---|
heart | triangular, in mediastinum, size of fist |
atria | upper receiving chamber, small thinner less muscular walls |
ventricles | lower discharging chambers, thicker muscular walls |
left ventricles | thickest muscular wall |
septum | wall that separates chambers |
interatrial septum | separates right and left atria |
interventricular septum | separates right and left ventricles |
AV valves | atrio-ventricular valves |
tricuspid | between right atrium and left ventricle |
SL valves | semi-lunar valves |
pulmonary semilunar balve | between right ventricle and pulmonary artery |
aortic semilunar valve | between left ventricle and aorta |
*endocardium | lines innermost surface, walls of chambers |
*myocardium | cardiac muscle tissue |
*endocarditis | inflammation of endocardium, can lead to blood clots |
*epicardium | outer membrane of heart |
*pericardium | outermost loosely fitting covering |
*pericardium | produces lubricating fluid |
peicarditis | inflammation of pericardium |
aorta | main vessel, biggest artery |
aorta | carries "oxygenated" blood from left ventricle to body |
pulmonary artery | carries "deoxygenated" blood from right ventricle to lungs |
pulmonary veins | carries "oxygenated" blood from lungs to left atrium |
superior vena cava & inferior vena cava | return "deoxygenated" blood from body to right atria |
arteries | take blood"away" from heart |
veins | return blood "to" the heart |
right & left coronary arteries | coronary blood supply |
right & left coronary arteries | branch off aorta to supply myocardium, blockage may result in angina or heart attack |
*complete heart beat | cycle consists of diastole, relaxation of ventricles, systole, contraction of ventricles |
*normal heart rate | around 72 beats per minute |
*tachycardia | fast heart rate over 100 beats per minute |
*bradycardia | slow heart rate onder 60 beats per minute |
*stroke volume | volume of blood release from ventricle with each contraction |
*cardiac output | volume of blood pumped by one ventricle in one minute |
cardiac output | = stroke volume x heart rate (co=sv x hr) |
*lub dub | sounds made by heart during cardiac cycle |
lub | closing of tricuspid and mitral valves |
dub | closing of aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves |
*ANS (autonomic involuntary nervous system) | controls rate of heart |
intercalated discs | specialized nervous tissue at junctions between cardiac muscle cells , electronically link all cardiac muscle fibers |
SA node (sinoatrial node) | pacemaker, located in superior wall of right atrium |
SA node | initiates contraction of atria |
AV node (atrioventricular node) | located in inferior wass of right atrium |
AV node | passes signal to ventricles |
bundle of his (AV bundles) | fibers run through septum |
purkinje fibers | fibers run through lateral walls of ventricles |
heart block | electrical signal does not reach ventricles, rate of ventricular contractions is decreased, may be treated with pacemaker |
electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) | graphic recording of hearts electrical activity |
P wave | depolarization of atria, triggers contraction |
QRS complex | depolarization of ventricles |
T wave | repolarization of ventricles, relaxation |