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WVSOM -- Anatomy
Kidney/Gonad Development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the steps in the process of UG development-analogy to plumbing? | 1. Install the pipes 2. Move the filtration system 3. Deal with the sewer 4. Remodel the pipes |
| What is installing the pipes? | achieve the sexually indifferent stage |
| What is the moving of the filtration system? | Ascent of the kidneys |
| What is dealing with the sewer? | Differentiation of the cloaca |
| What is the remodeling of the pipes? | achieving sexual differentiation |
| At the 3-4 week the inetermediate mesoderm becomes | nephrogenic cord |
| Nephrogenic cord gives rise to | mesonephrus and gonads |
| Endoderm becomes | cloaca |
| cloaca gives rise to | urethra and rectum |
| At week 3 the nephrogenic cord forms the | pronephros |
| What happens to the pronephros? | regresses as more caudal units are formed |
| What happens at week 4 as the pronephros regresses permenantly? | Mesonephrus is formed |
| Mesonephric duct is also known as the | Wolffian duct |
| Week 5 the metanephros is formed caudally by | mesoderm |
| What grows out from teh mesonephric duct into teh metanephros? | ureteric bud |
| What does the ueteric bud give rise to? | ureter Kidney outflow renal pelvis calyces collecting tubules |
| The paramesonephric duct develops from the | lateral mesothelium |
| Cranially, the ends of the paramesonephric duct opens into the | peritoneal cavity |
| Caudally the paramesonephric duct fuse | caudally in the furture pelvis |
| Week 5-6 the paramesonephric duct fuses caudally to form the | uterovaginal peritoneum and the Mullerian tubercle |
| Week 5 the genital ridge is formed by the proliferation of _____________ and condensation of ___________. | epithelium;mesenchyme |
| The ridge formed by the developing gonad and the mesonephros is the __________ ridge | urogenital |
| What are the indifferent gonads? | primitive sex cords |
| What adult structures do the mesonephric duct form? | Most of the internal male reporductive system |
| What adult structures do the metanephric duct form? | uereter renal pelvis calyces colle ting tubules |
| What adult structure does the paramesonephric duct form? | uterus uterine tubes |
| What adult structres does the pronephros form? | gone by 4th week |
| What does teh mesonephros form? | TBFIL |
| What adult structure forms from the metanephros | kidneys |
| What adult structure does the genital ridge form? | gonads |
| What adult structure does the cloac form? | bladder anal canal Prostrate urethral and paraurethral glands |
| Kidneys receive progressively cranial branches off the | aorta |
| The most superior branch of the aorta that the kidney receives is the _________- | renal artery |
| What happens if a kidney is horseshoe-shaped? | It gets stuck under the inferior mesonteric artery |
| The cloaca is derived from ________ | endoderm |
| The cloaca becomes partition from | week 4-7 |
| If an accessory renal artery remains it may obsturct the | ureter |
| The ventral partition of the cloaca becomes the | urogenital sinus |
| The dorsal portion of the cloaca is the | anorectal canal |
| The urogenital septum becomes the | perineal body |
| The UG septum is formed by three folds. What are they? | 2 lateral folds and one cranio-caudal fold |
| The urogential sinus gives rise to the adult ______________________. | bladder urethra uracus part of phallus |
| Anal canal gives rise to the adult | rectum and anal canal |
| Externally, the division of the cloaca ends with | urethral fold genital swelling genital tubercle anal fold |
| The allantois becomes a fibrous cord called the | ruachus |
| The urachus becomes the | median umbilical ligament |
| Week 6 is the march of the | germ cell |
| Where do germ cells march? | they migrate from teh yolk sac to the hindgut and move toward the genital ridge |
| What do the germ cells carry? | male or female chromosome |
| What are germ cells responsible for? | differentiation into male or female |
| What 3 things have to be differentiated? | gonads ducts external genetalia |
| SRY gene encourages the primitive sex cords to | proliferate |
| tunica albuginea | layer of fibrous connective tissue surrounding the testis |
| testis cords | Duct system within the testis |
| Intersitial cells of Leydig and sertoli cells | responsible for producing testosterone and inhibiting mullerian ducts |
| What remains as teh mesonephros continues to regress/ | efferent ductules |
| The epididymus forms as the ___________ elongates. | mesonephric duct |
| The caudal outbudding of the mesonephric duct becomes the | seminal vesicle |
| Between the seminal vesicle and epididymus becomes the | Ductus deferens |
| What does the mesonephric duct become in males? | epididymus seminal vesicles vas deferens |
| What does teh paramesonephric duct become in males? | generally gone |
| What does gonad become in males? | testes |
| The elongation of the genital tubercle in the male elongates forming a | urethral groove |
| The urethral groove becomes teh | penile urethra |
| the Penile urethra later forms the | external urethral meatus |
| Phallus/genital tubercle = | glans penis |
| urethral folds = | body of penis |
| Genital swelling = | scrotum |
| Genital tubercle in a male becomes the | phallus/glans penis |
| The urethral fold becomes the __________ in the male. | body of the penis |
| The genital swellings become what in the male? | scrotum |
| WNT4 gene and estrogens influence | ovarian differentiation |
| Surface epithelium | layer of fibrous connective tissue |
| Ductuli efferentes | do not communicate with folicular cells and continue to regress |
| Primary oocytes are surrounded by | follicular cells |
| What tubles remain as the mesonephros regresses in teh female? | epoophoron paroophoron gartner's cyst |
| The paramesonephric duct meets up with other side midline and forms the | uterine tubes and uterus |
| Uterus is formed completely by | the paramesonephric cutcs |
| What is the vagina formed from? | endoderm and mesoderm |
| What female structure is formed from teh mesonephric duct? | gone |
| What female structure does the paramesonephric duct form? | uterine tubes uterus cervix superior portion of vagina |
| What female structure does the urogential sinus form from? | distal 2/3 vagina |
| What does the gonad develop into in the female? | ovary |
| What female structure does the genital tubercle become? | clitoris |
| What female structure does the urethral fold become? | labia minora |
| What female structure does the urethral groove become? | vestibule |
| What do the genital swellings become? | labia majora |
| What is the suprarenal gland surrounded by? | the fibrous connective tissue capsule |
| What are the three arteries to the suprarenal glands? | superior suprarenal artery middle suprarenal artery Inferior suprarenal artery |
| Blood from each suprarenal glad is drained by | a single suprarenal vein |
| Where does the left suprarenal vein drain? | left renal vein |
| Where does the right suprarenal vein drain? | inferior vena cava |
| What are chromaffin cells? | essentially sympathetic ganglia cells |
| Pre-synaptic sympathteics to the suprarenal gland come from | T10-11 via the lesser splanchnic nerves |
Created by:
tjamrose
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